dur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dur"

Languages (24)

Translingual • English

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Aragonese • Azerbaijani • Catalan • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Franco-Provençal • French • Interlingua • Kalasha • Latvian • Lombard • Middle English • Occitan • Polish • Romani • Romanian • Slovak • Sursurunga • Swedish • Turkish • Welsh

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

dur

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dii.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Dii terms

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Dur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duːɹ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Adjective

dur (not comparable) (obsolete)

1. (music) Major; in the major mode.

   C dur

Further reading

• “dur”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “dur”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Etymology 2

Of imitative/exclamatory origin, similar to der, duh, derp, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də(ɹ)/

Interjection

dur

1. Alternative form of duh (“indicating stupidity etc.”).
   • 2015, Liberty Kratz-Gullickson, Write Like a Girl, page 29:

     "Well, dur. I'm not that stupid, I knew that."

See also

• dur-brain

Etymology 3

Noun

dur (plural dur or durs)

1. (Belize, slang) A marijuana dealer.
   • 2023 June 13, Jules Vasquez, “Who Put Marybeth's Fraudulent Approval on Chester's Desk?”, in 7 News Belize‎^[3]:

     He began to tell me that Marybeth is accused or it is alleged she is one of the dur in Crooked Tree.

Anagrams

• Urd, rud, urd, Rud, RUD, Dru

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• duro

Etymology

Akin to Catalan dur, from Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdu(ɾ)/
• Syllabification: dur
• Rhymes: -u(ɾ)

Adjective

dur (plural durs)

1. hard

References

• “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Adjective

Other scripts

Cyrillic		дур
Arabic		دور

dur (comparative daha dur, superlative ən dur)

1. (Classical Azerbaijani) far

Further reading

• “dur” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Northwestern) [ˈdu]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈduɾ]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -u(ɾ)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)

   Antonym: tou

2. difficult

   Synonym: difícil

   Antonym: fàcil

Derived terms

• aigua dura
• anar dur
• cap dur
• disc dur
• durament
• durbec
• duròmetre
• endurir
• ou dur
• pell dura

Related terms

• duresa
• durícia

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin dūcere (“to lead, take”).

Verb

dur (first-person singular present duc, first-person singular preterite duguí, past participle dut)

1. (transitive) to carry

   Synonym: portar

2. (transitive) to bring

   Synonym: portar

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of dur (second conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)

infinitive			dur
gerund			duent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dut		duta
		plural		duts		dutes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	duc	duus, dus	duu, du	duem	dueu	duen
	imperfect	duia	duies	duia	dúiem	dúieu	duien
	future	duré	duràs	durà	durem	dureu	duran
	preterite	duguí	dugueres	dugué	duguérem	duguéreu	dugueren
	conditional	duria	duries	duria	duríem	duríeu	durien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	dugui	duguis	dugui	duguem	dugueu	duguin
	imperfect	dugués	duguessis	dugués	duguéssim	duguéssiu	duguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	duu, du	dugui	duguem	dueu	duguin
	negative (no)	—	no duguis	no dugui	no duguem	no dugueu	no duguin

In Balearic, second person plural present indicative is duis, first person plural present indicative is duim.

Derived terms

• dur a plaça
• dur a terme

Related terms

• abduir
• conduir
• deduir
• duta
• eduir
• induir
• introduir
• produir
• reduir
• seduir
• subduir
• traduir

Further reading

• “dur”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “dur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “dur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “dur”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdur]
• Hyphenation: dur

Noun

dur n (indeclinable)

1. (music) major

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• duor

Etymology

From Latin dāre.

Verb

dur (first-person singular present da, past participle dut)

1. (transitive) to give

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur.

Noun

dur

1. (music) major

Antonyms

• mol

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures) (ORB, broad)

1. hard

   Antonym: dox

References

• dur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• dur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

• (Europe) IPA^(key): /dyʁ/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /d͡zʏʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -yʁ

Adjective

dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

1. hard, tough (difficult to penetrate)
2. hard (not soft)
3. hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
4. harsh (e.g. harsh conditions)
5. (art, of a penstroke) harsh

Derived terms

• à la dure
• avoir la peau dure
• avoir la vie dure
• croire dur comme fer
• c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer
• disque dur
• drogue dure
• dur à cuire
• dur de la feuille
• dur d’oreille
• dur en affaires
• durement
• dureté
• eau dure
• en dur
• palais dur
• pur et dur
• science dure
• signe dur

Adverb

dur

1. hard

   travailler dur ― to work hard

Noun

dur m (plural durs)

1. firmness, solidity

Noun

dur m (plural durs, feminine dure)

1. hard case (tough person)

Further reading

• “dur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Anagrams

• dru

Interlingua

Adjective

dur (comparative plus dur, superlative le plus dur)

1. hard (not soft)

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).

Noun

dur (Arabic دوُر)

1. house

   Synonyms: abádi, khatumán, ku, kuš

2. door

Latvian

Verb

dur

1. inflection of durt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of durt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of durt

Lombard

Alternative forms

• dür (Modern orthography)

Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Pronunciation

• (Milanese) IPA^(key): /dyːr/

Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur) (Classical Milanese orthography)

1. hard
2. tough, harsh
3. stringy (of food)

References

• Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 2, 1843, p. 58

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

dur

1. (Gloucestershire, Hampshire) alternative form of der (“deer”)

Etymology 2

Noun

dur

1. (Late Middle English, Suffolk) alternative form of dore (“door”)

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin dūrus. First attested in the 12th century.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural duras)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)
2. difficult

Derived terms

• durament

Related terms

• duretat

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdur/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ur
• Syllabification: dur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *durь.

Noun

dur m inan

1. typhus (any of several similar diseases, characterized by high recurrent fever)

   Synonym: tyfus

   dur brzuszny ― typhoid fever caused by typhoidal Salmonella bacteria

   dur plamisty ― spotted typhus caused by Rickettsia and Orientia bacteria

   dur powrotny ― relapsing fever caused by Borrelia bacteria

   dur rzekomy ― paratyphoid fever caused by paratyphoidal Salmonella bacteria

2. (literary) daze, stupor, befuddlement (state of confusion caused by some strong stimulus, such as love)

   Synonym: zamroczenie

Declension

Declension of dur

	singular
nominative	dur
genitive	duru
dative	durowi
accusative	dur
instrumental	durem
locative	durze
vocative	durze

Related terms

adjective

• durny

noun

• dureń

verb

• durzyć impf

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós

Proto-Italic *dūros

Latin dūruslbor.

German Durbor.

Polish dur

Borrowed from German Dur.

Noun

dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)

1. (music) major (scale)

   Synonym: major

   Antonyms: minor, moll

Adjective

dur (not comparable, no derived adverb)

1. (music) major (scale)

   Synonyms: durowy, major, majorowy

   Antonyms: minor, minorowy, moll, mollowy

Further reading

• “dur I”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “dur II”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “dur”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[6] (in Polish)

Romani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit दूर (dūra), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós, from *dweh₂- + *-rós. Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Bengali দূর (dur), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).

Adverb

dur

1. far

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dur/
• Rhymes: -ur

Adjective

dur m or n (feminine singular dură, masculine plural duri, feminine/neuter plural dure)

1. hard, tough

   Synonym: tare

2. rough, harsh, severe

   Synonyms: aspru, sever

Declension

Declension of dur

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	dur		dură	duri	dure
	definite	durul		dura	durii	durele
genitive- dative	indefinite	dur		dure	duri	dure
	definite	durului		durei	durilor	durelor

Related terms

• duritate

Further reading

• “dur”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026

Slovak

Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur, which is based on Latin durus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dur/, [ˈdur]
• Rhymes: -ur

Noun

dur m inan or n (relational adjective durový)

1. (music) major scale

Declension

Declension of dur
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	dur	dury
genitive	duru	durov
dative	duru	durom
accusative	dur	dury
locative	dure	duroch
instrumental	durom	durmi

Declension of dur (indeclinable)

	singular	plural
nominative	dur	dur
genitive	dur	dur
dative	dur	dur
accusative	dur	dur
locative	dur	dur
instrumental	dur	dur

Further reading

• “dur”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Sursurunga

Adjective

dur

1. dirty

Further reading

• Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)
• Don Hutchisson, Sursurunga grammar essentials (1975)

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Noun

dur c

1. (music) major scale

Related terms

• durackord
• durskala
• durton
• durtonard

References

• dur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)

Turkish

Turkish stop sign

Verb

dur

1. second-person singular imperative of durmak

Welsh

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós

Proto-Italic *dūros

Latin dūrusbor.

Proto-Brythonic *dʉr

Middle Welsh dur

Welsh dur

From Middle Welsh dur, from Proto-Brythonic *dʉr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɨːr/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /diːr/
• Rhymes: -ɨːr
• (South Wales) Homophone: dir

Noun

dur m (uncountable)

1. steel

Derived terms

• durio (“to steel”)
• duriog, durol, duraidd (“steely”)
• durllyd (“chalybeate”)

Adjective

dur (feminine singular dur, plural dur, not comparable)

1. (made of) steel
2. (figurative) steely, hard, cruel

   Synonyms: duriog, durol

Mutation

Mutated forms of dur

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dur	ddur	nur	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “dur”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “dur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies