given

See also: Given and ȝiven

English

Alternative forms

• giv'n (obsolete or poetic)

Etymology

Morphologically give +‎ -n.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɪv.n̩/, enPR: gĭvʹən

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: giv‧en
• Rhymes: -ɪvən

Verb

given

1. past participle of give

Preposition

given

1. Considering; taking into account.

   Given the current situation, I don't think that's possible.

Translations

considering, taking into account

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Czech: vzhledem k (cs)
• Esperanto: konsidere
• Finnish: ottaen huomioon
• French: étant donné (fr), vu (fr)
• Hebrew: בהינתן
• Italian: tenendo conto, alla luce di, visto (it)
• Polish: ze względu na (pl)
• Portuguese: dado (pt)
• Romanian: la (ro), dat fiind
• Russian: учи́тывая (ru) (učítyvaja)
• Serbo-Croatian: uzimajući u obzir
• Slovene: please add this translation if you can
• Spanish: dado (es), ya que (es), habida cuenta de, teniendo en cuenta, a la vista de
• Swedish: med tanke på (sv)
• Walloon: veyanmint (wa)

Noun

given (plural givens)

1. A condition that is assumed to be true without further evaluation.

   When evaluating this math problem, don't forget to read the givens.

Translations

condition assumed to be true

• Czech: (daný) fakt (cs) m, axiom (cs) m, postulát (cs) m
• Finnish: olettama (fi)
• French: postulat (fr) m, donnée de départ f, prémisse (fr) f, énoncé (fr) m
• Greek: δεδομένο (el) n (dedoméno)
• Italian: dato (it) m, presupposto (it) m
• Norwegian: gitt (no), forutsetning (no) c
• Spanish: postulado (es) m, obviedad (es) f
• Swedish: given (sv) c, givet (sv) n

Adjective

given (comparative more given, superlative most given)

1. Already arranged.

   If eventually we can't make it at the given time, we'll phone you to let you know, don't worry.

2. Currently discussed. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
3. Particular, specific.

   No more than three people can be in that space at a given time.

   • 1791, Thomas Paine, “Miscellaneous Chapter”, in Rights of Man‎^[1]:

     If, therefore, the amount of the annual importation into Europe can be known, and the relative proportion of the foreign commerce of the several nations by which it can be distributed can be ascertained, they give a rule sufficiently true, to ascertain the quantity of money which ought to be found in any nation, at any given time.

   • 1907, Pope Pius X, “Analysis of Modernist Teaching”, in Pascendi Dominici Gregis‎^[2]:

     Thus we have a double Christ: a real Christ, and a Christ, the one of faith, who never really existed; a Christ who has lived at a given time and in a given place, and a Christ who has never lived outside the pious meditations of the believer - the Christ, for instance, whom we find in the Gospel of St. John, which is pure contemplation from beginning to end.

   • 1976, Carlo M. Cipolla, “Frequency distribution”, in The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity‎^[3]:

     Most people do not act consistently. Under certain circumstances a given person acts intelligently and under different circumstances the same person will act helplessly.

4. Assumed as fact or hypothesis.

   Given that we will get the resources, what do we want to achieve?

   • 1874, Lewis Carroll, “Chapter II: Dynamics of a Particle”, in The Dynamics of a Parti-cle‎^[4], page 19:

     Example. Given a Derby Prophet, who has sent 3 different winners to 3 different betting-men, and given that none of the three horses are placed. Find the total Loss incurred by the three men (α) in money, (β) in temper.

   • 1994 February 24, Eleni Bakopanos, parliamentary debates (House of Commons of Canada)‎^[5]:

     Given the narrow vision of the opposition, and given that it keeps saying the same things, I would like to know why these separatists—after all this is their real name—insist on continually misleading Quebecers and not telling them the truth.

   • 2017 November 6, Fiann M. Smithwick, Robert Nicholls, Innes C. Cuthill, Jakob Vinther, “Countershading and Stripes in the Theropod Dinosaur Sinosauropteryx Reveal Heterogeneous Habitats in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota”, in Elsevier, volume 27, number 21, Discussion, page 3:

     Pigmented bands that run directly across the orbital region may also help to mask the presence of the eyes as a form of camouflage against both predators and potential prey [20, 21]. Eye stripes are common in modern birds, which most often also have dark eyes, making them likely harder for visual predators or prey to detect, and given that eyes elicit responses from both in many situations, it is a plausible hypothesis [13].

6. (with to) Prone, disposed.

   He was given to taking a couple of glasses of port at his club.

Translations

already arranged

• Belarusian: да́дзены (dádzjeny), да́ны (dány)
• Bulgarian: да́ден (bg) (dáden)
• Czech: daný (cs) m
• Hungarian: adott (hu)
• Polish: dany (pl)
• Portuguese: dado (pt)
• Russian: да́нный (ru) (dánnyj)
• Swedish: given (sv)
• Ukrainian: да́ний (uk) (dányj)

currently discussed

• Belarusian: да́дзены (dádzjeny), да́ны (dány)
• Bulgarian: настоя́щ (bg) (nastojášt), да́ден (bg) (dáden)
• Czech: daný (cs) m
• Finnish: kyseinen (fi)
• German: vorliegend (de)
• Hungarian: adott (hu)
• Polish: dany (pl)
• Portuguese: dado (pt), determinado (pt)
• Russian: да́нный (ru) (dánnyj), настоя́щий (ru) (nastojáščij)
• Slovene: dan (sl)
• Ukrainian: да́ний (uk) (dányj)

particular, specific

• Bulgarian: конкре́тен (bg) (konkréten)
• Comorian:

  Ngazidja Comorian: fulani

• Danish: given (da)
• Finnish: tietty (fi)
• Hungarian: adott (hu)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gitt (no)

  Nynorsk: gitt

• Russian: конкре́тный (ru) (konkrétnyj)
• Swahili: fulani (sw)
• Swedish: given (sv)

Derived terms

• aforegiven
• any given Sunday
• at any given moment
• given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow
• given man
• given name
• givenness
• given that
• given time
• given to
• God-given
• pregiven
• ungiven
• zero fucks given

Anagrams

• vigen-

Danish

Etymology

See give.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡ̊iːʋən], [ˈɡ̊iːʊn]

Verb

given

1. past participle common singular of give

Adjective

given (neuter givent, plural and definite singular attributive givne)

1. certain

Adjective

given

1. without a doubt, undoubted
2. common, typical

Inflection

Inflection of given

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	given	—	—2
indefinite neuter singular	givent	—	—2
plural	givne	—	—2
definite attributive1	givne	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Synonyms

• givet

Middle English

Alternative forms

• gifen, geven

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡivən/, /ˈɡeːvən/

Verb

given (simple past gaf)

1. alternative form of yiven (influenced by Old Norse)

Descendants

• English: give
• English: (West Yorkshire) gie, gi'
• Scots: gie, geve, gewe, gif, gyf, gefe
• Yola: gee

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Participle

given

1. past participle of ge

Adjective

given (not comparable)

1. given
2. which goes without saying, which is obvious

   Han har en given plats i landslaget.

   It goes without saying that he has a place in the national team

   (literally, “He has a given place in the national team”)

   Det är givet

   That's a given

   (literally, “That is given”)

Declension

Inflection of given

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	given	—	—
neuter singular	givet	—	—
plural	givna	—	—
masculine plural2	givne	—	—
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	givne	—	—
all	givna	—	—

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

• givetvis (“of course”)
• ta för givet (“take for granted”)

Noun

given

1. definite singular of giv

Verb

given

1. (obsolete) second-person plural present indicative of ge
2. (archaic or dialectal) second-person plural imperative of ge

   Tagen därför ifrån honom hans pund, och given det åt den som har de tio punden.

   Take therefore the talent from him, and give [it] unto him which hath ten talents. (Matthew 25:28)

References

• “given”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “given”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “given”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• envig, givne, vinge