March 30

March 30 is the 89th day of the year (90th every 4 years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 276 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

• 598 – Balkan campaign: The Avars lift the siege of the Byzantine Empire stronghold of Tomis.
• 1282 – The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin King, Charles I of Naples, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.
• 1296 – Edward I storms Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then–Scottish border town, slaughtering almost everyone, even those fleeing to the churches.
• 1492 – Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree aimed at expelling all Jews from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism.
• 1533 – Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1814 – Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.
• 1814 – Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Declaration which would later inspire the unification of Italy into being one country.
• 1822 – Florida Territory created in the United States.
• 1841 – The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
• 1842 – Anesthesia is used for the first time in an operation by Dr. Crawford Long.
• 1844 – One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.
• 1855 – Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas – "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro–slavery legislature.
• 1856 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
• 1858 – Hyman Lipman patents a pencil with an attached eraser.
• 1863 – Prince Wilhelm Georg of Sleeswÿk-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg is chosen as King George I of Greece.
• 1867 – Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. The news media call this Seward's Folly.
• 1870 – Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
• 1899 – British passenger steamship Stella hits a rock off Guernsey in the English Channel, in thick fog, sinking within eight minutes.

1901 – 2000

• 1909 – In New York City the Queensboro Bridge connecting Manhattan and Queens is opened to traffic.
• 1912 – Sultan Abdelhafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.
• 1939 – The Henkel He 100 fighter aircraft sets a record airspeed of 745 kilometers per hour (463 miles per hour).
• 1940 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking to be the capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Ching-wei.
• 1944 – World War II: Allied bombing raid on Nuremberg.
• 1944 – World War II: The Allies conduct their most severe bombing raid on Sofia, Bulgaria.
• 1945 – World War II: Soviet Union forces invade Austria and take Vienna; Alger Hiss congratulated in Moscow for his part in bringing about the Western betrayal at the Yalta Conference.
• 1949 – Riots occur in Reykjavik after the decision of Iceland's government for the country to join NATO.
• 1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.
• 1954 – The first subway in Canada opens after five years of construction, in Toronto.
• 1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed at New York.<!––See http://www.incb.org/e/conv/1961/-->
• 1962 – Jack Paar hosts his last episode of The Tonight Show.
• 1964 – The game show Jeopardy! debuts on television.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
• 1972 – Vietnam War: The Eastertide Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.
• 1974 – The Ramones play their first ever gig as a trio at CBGB's in New York City.
• 1976 – First Land Day protests in Israel and Palestine.
• 1981 – President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley, Jr., family friend of the Vice President.
• 1982 – Space Shuttle program: The STS–3 mission ends, with the landing of the Space Shuttle Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, United States.
• 1987 – One of Vincent Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" paintings is bought by Japanese insurance magnate Yasuo Goto for $39.85 million.

From 2001

• 2001 – The result of the People's Republic of China's census is announced. The population at this time is estimated at 1,285,830,000.
• 2002 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother, dies at Windsor Castle, aged 101, just seven weeks after her daughter, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon.
• 2006 – The United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2006 becomes law.
• 2006 – Marcos Pontes becomes the first Brazilian in space on board the Soyuz TMA–8 aircraft, to the International Space Station.
• 2008 – The controversial 2008 Zimbabwean Presidential election is held.
• 2017 – SpaceX conducts the world's first re–flight of an orbital–class rocket.

Births

Up to 1900

• 1135 – Maimonides, Jewish philosopher (d. 1204)
• 1326 – Ivan II of Russia (d. 1359)
• 1432 – Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1481)
• 1510 – Antonio de Cabezon, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)
• 1566 – Carlo Gesualdo, Italian nobleman, composer and murderer (d. 1613)
• 1633 – Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1708)
• 1727 – Tommaso Traetta, Italian composer (d. 1779)
• 1746 – Francisco Goya, Spanish painter (d. 1828)
• 1750 – John Stafford Smith, English organist and composer (d. 1836)
• 1757 – Jean-François Pilatre de Rozier, French physicist and aviation pioneer (d. 1785)
• 1785 – Henry Hardinge, Governor–General of India (d. 1856)
• 1793 – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentine military leader (d. 1877)
• 1805 – Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, German–Swedish linguist (d. 1887)
• 1811 – Robert Bunsen, German chemist (d. 1899)
• 1818 – Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen, German social reformer (d. 1888)
• 1820 – Anna Sewell, British writer (d. 1878)
• 1844 – Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896)
• 1853 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890)
• 1857 – Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d. 1926)
• 1863 – Joseph Caillaux, Prime Minister of France (d. 1944)
• 1863 – Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930)
• 1864 – Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (d. 1943)
• 1874 – Charles Lightoller, English 2nd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
• 1874 – Nicolae Radescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
• 1879 – Coen de Koning, Dutch ice skater (d. 1954)
• 1879 – Bernhard Schmidt, German optician (d. 1935)
• 1880 – Sean O'Casey, Irish dramatist (d. 1964)
• 1882 – Melanie Klein, Austrian–British psychoanalyst (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Stefan Banack, Polish mathematician (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Fortunato Depero, Italian painter, writer, sculptor and graphic designer (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Sanzo Nozaka, Japanese politician (d. 1993)
• 1892 – Sidney Soyers, CIA director (d. 1973)
• 1894 – Sergey Ilyushin, Russian aerospace engineer (d. 1977)
• 1894 – Tommy Green, English race walker (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Jean Giono, French writer (d. 1970)
• 1899 – Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Bengali writer (d. 1970)
• 1900 – Santos Urdinaran, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1979)

1901 – 1950

• 1902 – Brooke Astor, American philanthropist (d. 2007)
• 1902 – Victor E. Anderson, Governor of Nebraska (d. 1962)
• 1902 – Frieda Szwillus, German supercentenarian (d. 2014)
• 1905 – Albert Pierrepoint, British executioner (d. 1992)
• 1908 – Leo A. Hoegh, Territorial Governor of Hawaii (d. 2000)
• 1909 – John A. Burns, Governor of Hawaii (d. 1975)
• 1910 – Jozef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940)
• 1913 – Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Censu Tabone, former President of Malta (d. 2012)
• 1913 – Richard Helms, American CIA director (d. 2002)
• 1913 – Marc Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
• 1914 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician (d. 1948)
• 1915 – Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
• 1915 – Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015)
• 1917 – Els Aarne, Estonian composer (d. 1995)
• 1919 – McGeorge Bundy, American diplomat (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Virgilio Noè, Italian cardinal (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Milton Acorn, Canadian poet (d. 1986)
• 1924 – Milko Kelemen, Croatian composer (d. 2018)
• 1926 – Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman (IKEA) (d. 2018)
• 1926 – Peter Marshall, American actor, singer and game show host
• 1926 – Larissa Volpert, Russian chess player (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Tom Sharpe, British writer (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Richard Dysart, American actor (d. 2015)
• 1930 – John Astin, American actor
• 1930 – Rolf Harris, Australian artist, singer and entertainer
• 1933 – Anna-Lisa, Norwegian–American actress (d. 2018)
• 1933 – Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007)
• 1934 – Mahmut Atalay, Turkish wrestler (d. 2004)
• 1934 – Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and designer (d. 2014)
• 1937 – Warren Beatty, American actor
• 1938 – Klaus Schwab, German economist and engineer
• 1940 – Astrud Gilberto, Brazilian singer
• 1940 – Jerry Lucas, American basketball player
• 1940 – Uwe Timm, German actor
• 1941 – Wasim Sajjad, former President of Pakistan
• 1942 – Ruben Kun, former President of Nauru
• 1943 – Jay Traynor, American singer (d. 2014)
• 1943 – Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa, Malagasy sprinter (d. 2016)
• 1945 – Eric Clapton, British guitarist and singer
• 1945 – Johnnie Walker, British DJ and broadcaster
• 1945 – Bob Miller, former Governor of Nevada
• 1947 – Ryszard Kotla, Polish writer and activist
• 1947 – Dick Roche, Irish politician
• 1948 – Eddie Jordan, Irish racing driver and team owner
• 1948 – Mervyn King, British economist
• 1948 – Naomi Sims, model
• 1950 – Robbie Coltrane, Scottish actor
• 1950 – Beverley Hughes, English politician
• 1950 – Frans Bolweg, Dutch sailor (d. 2015)

1951 – 1975

• 1951 – Yves Séguin, Quebec politician and actor
• 1956 – Juanito Oiarzabal, Basque mountaineer
• 1957 – Michael Lehmann, American director
• 1957 – Paul Reiser, American actor and screenwriter
• 1958 – Maurice LaMarche, Canadian voice actor
• 1959 – Sabine Meyer, German classical clarinettist
• 1959 – Martina Cole, English writer
• 1960 – Bill Johnson, American skier
• 1962 – M.C. Hammer, American rapper and musician
• 1962 – Bil Dwyer, American actor
• 1962 – Mark Begich, American politician
• 1963 – Eli-Eri Moura, Brazilian composer and conductor
• 1963 – Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko, Ukrainian footballer and coach
• 1963 – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, 4th President of Mongolia
• 1964 – Tracy Chapman, American singer
• 1964 – Abu Anas al-Libi, Libyan terrorist (d. 2015)
• 1965 – Piers Morgan, British journalist and television personality
• 1966 – Joey Castillo, American drummer
• 1967 – Megumi Hayashibara, Japanese voice actor and singer
• 1968 – Céline Dion, Canadian singer
• 1968 – Donna D'Errico, American actress and model
• 1971 – Mark Consuelos, Spanish–American motorcycle racer
• 1972 – Karel Poborsky, Czech footballer
• 1973 – Jan Koller, Czech footballer
• 1973 – Adam Goldstein, American keyboardist, DJ and producer (d. 2009)
• 1975 – Paul Griffen, New Zealand–Italian rugby player

From 1976

• 1976 – Ty Conklin, American ice hockey player
• 1976 – Ayako Kawasumi, Japanese voice actress
• 1976 – Mark McClelland, Irish musician
• 1976 – Troels Lund Poulsen, Danish politician
• 1978 – Chris Paterson, Scottish rugby player
• 1978 – Simon Webbe, English singer (Blue)
• 1978 – Teemu Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1979 – Anatoliy Tymoschuk, Ukrainian footballer
• 1979 – Norah Jones, American singer and musician
• 1980 – Ricardo Osorio, Mexican footballer
• 1981 – Andrea Masi, Italian rugby player
• 1981 – Jammal Brown, American football player
• 1981 – Katy Mixon, American actress
• 1982 – A-Trak, Canadian DJ and record producer
• 1982 – Jason Dohring, American actor
• 1982 – Philippe Mexès, French footballer
• 1983 – Sarah Stevenson, British taekwondoka
• 1984 – Mario Ancic, Croatian tennis player
• 1984 – Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player
• 1986 – Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer
• 1986 – Beni, Japanese singer
• 1987 – Juan Pablo Pino, Colombian footballer
• 1987 – Calum Elliot, Scottish footballer
• 1987 – Marc-Edouard Vlasic, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988 – Richard Sherman, American football player
• 1990 – Lee Gi-kwang, South Korean singer, dancer and actor
• 1990 – Cassie Scerbo, American singer, dancer and actress
• 1992 – Stuart Armstrong, Scottish footballer
• 1993 – Anitta, Brazilian singer, songwriter, actress and dancer
• 1993 – Song Min-ho, South Korean rapper, composer and songwriter
• 1994 – Haruka Shimazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
• 1994 – Sarah Solovay, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1994 – Jetro Willems, Dutch footballer

Deaths

Up to 1900

• 116 – Quirinus of Neuss, Roman martyr and saint
• 365 – Jin Aidi, Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (b. 341)
• 987 – Arnulf II of Flanders
• 1202 – Joachim Fiore, Italian mystic and theologian (b. 1135)
• 1472 – Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435)
• 1486 – Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 1526 – Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471)
• 1559 – Adam Ries, German mathematician (b. 1492)
• 1587 – Ralph Sadler, English statesman (b. 1507)
• 1764 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (b. 1695)
• 1783 – William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (b. 1718)
• 1804 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, French aristocrat and soldier (b. 1718)
• 1830 – Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763)
• 1864 – Louis Schindelmeisser, German clarinetist, composer and conductor (b. 1811)
• 1873 – Benedict Morel, French physicist (b. 1809)
• 1879 – Thomas Couture, French painter and teacher (b. 1815)
• 1886 – Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, 6th Premier of Quebec (b. 1838)
• 1896 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek Prime Minister (b. 1832)

1901 – 2000

• 1912 – Karl May, German writer (b. 1842)
• 1914 – John Henry Poynting, English physicist (b. 1852)
• 1925 – Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (b. 1861)
• 1935 – Romanos Melikian, Armenian composer (b. 1873)
• 1939 – Richard Steiff, German businessman and teddy bear creator (b. 1877)
• 1943 – Jan Bytnar, Polish activist (b. 1921)
• 1943 – Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski, Polish activist (b. 1920)
• 1949 – Friedrich Bergius, German chemist (b. 1884)
• 1950 – Léon Blum, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)
• 1952 – Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (b. 1905)
• 1954 – Pauline Brunius, Swedish actress and director (b. 1881)
• 1955 – Harl McDonald, American pianist, composer and conductor (b. 1899)
• 1959 – Daniil Andreev, Russian writer and mystic (b. 1906)
• 1959 – Riccardo Zandla, Italian–Slovenian poet (b. 1875)
• 1961 – Philibert Jacques Melotte, British astronomer (b. 1880)
• 1963 – Alexander Gauk, Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893)
• 1964 – Nella Larsen, American writer (b. 1891)
• 1965 – Philip Showalter Hench, American physician (b. 1896)
• 1966 – Erwin Piscator, German director and producer (b. 1893)
• 1967 – Jean Toomer, American writer (b. 1894)
• 1968 – Bobby Driscoll, American actor (b. 1937)
• 1970 – Heinrich Bruening, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)
• 1973 – Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish aristocrat and aviator (b. 1903)
• 1977 – Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer and actor (b. 1929)
• 1979 – Airey Neave, English soldier and politician (b. 1916)
• 1984 – Karl Rahner, German theologian (b. 1904)
• 1985 – Harold Peary, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
• 1986 – James Cagney, American actor (b. 1899)
• 1988 – Edgar Faure, Prime Minister of France (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Harry Peary, Australian–American union leader (b. 1901)
• 2000 – Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, President of Austria (b. 1915)

From 2001

• 2002 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)
• 2003 – Valentin Pavlov, Soviet politician (b. 1937)
• 2003 – Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952)
• 2005 – Mitch Hedberg, American comedian (b. 1968)
• 2008 – Dith Pran, Cambodian photojournalist (b. 1942)
• 2010 – Martin Sandberger, German military officer (b. 1911)
• 2011 – Lyudmila Gurchenko, Russian actress and singer (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Phil Ramone, South African–American record producer (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Valeri Zolotuchin, Russian actor (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Phuntsok Wangyal, Tibetan–Chinese politician (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Kate O'Mara, British actress (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Jan de Graaff, Dutch television journalist (b. 1943)
• 2015 – Helmut Dietl, German movie director (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer (b. 1921)
• 2015 – Philip A. Potter, Dominican Methodist church leader (b. 1921)
• 2016 – Anne Aasheim, Norwegian newspaper editor (b. 1962)
• 2016 – Bernard Lamarre, Canadian engineer and businessman (b. 1931)
• 2016 – Bill Rosendahl, American politician (b. 1945)
• 2016 – Gianmaria Testa, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1958)
• 2016 – Shirley Hufstedler, American lawyer and judge (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Khuzaima Qutbuddin, Indian Islamic leader (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Richard Bustillo, American martial arts instructor (b. 1942)
• 2017 – Donald Harvey, American serial killer (b. 1952)
• 2018 – André Bo-Boliko Lokonga, 9th Prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1934)
• 2018 – Bill Maynard, English actor (b. 1928)
• 2020 – Bill Withers, American musician (b. 1938)

Observances

• Land Day (Palestine)
• National Doctors' Day (United States)