October 25

October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th every 4 years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 67 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

1147 – Portuguese forces under Afonso I of Portugal, and crusaders from England and Flanders, conquer Lisbon after a four–month siege.
1154 – Henry II of England becomes King.
1415 – The army of Henry V of England defeats a French army at the Battle of Agincourt.
1616 – Dirk Hartog makes the second–recorded European landing in Australia, on Dirk Hartog Island, off the west coast.
1671 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moon Iapetus.
1722 – King Louis XV of France, aged 12, is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
1747 – A British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
1760 – George III of the United Kingdom becomes King, after the death of his grandfather, King George II of Great Britain.
1788 – The HMAV Bounty reaches Tahiti.
1812 – War of 1812: American frigate USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
1822 – Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.
1828 – The St. Catherine Docks open in London.
1854 – Crimean War: Battle of Balaklava, including the British Charge of the Light Brigade.
1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
1900 – The United Kingdom annexes Transvaal.

1901 – 2000

1917 – Julian calendar date of Russia's October Revolution. In the Gregorian calendar, the date was November 7.
1918 – Canadian steamship Princess Sophia hits a reef off Alaska and sinks, killing all 356 people on board.
1927 – Italian luxury steamship Principessa Mafalda hits a rock off Porto Seguro, Brazil, and sinks, killing 312 people.
1929 – Wall Street Crash: The severe losses of the previous day continue.
1940 – Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general of the United States Army.
1941 – World War II: The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Nazi–Hungarian control.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Leyte Gulf occurs in the Philippines.
1945 – The Republic of China takes over Taiwan.
1955 – In Japan, 12–year–old Sadako Sasaki dies, as a result of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima 10 years earlier. Her origami cranes, folded after she became unwell, have become symbols of peace and opposition to nuclear weapons.
1962 – Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
1962 – Uganda joins the UN.
1971 – At the UN, the People's Republic of China joins, as the Republic of China is expelled.
1979 – Catalonia and the Basque Country gain some autonomy (self–rule) within Spain.
1979 – The last new episode of Fawlty Towers airs.
1983 – The US and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after its Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is killed in a coup.
1990 – Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
1991 – Four months after the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing 7 students.
1995 – Latvia applies to join the EU.
1997 – Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.

From 2001

2001 – Microsoft releases Windows XP.
2004 – In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces that transactions in the country that involve the United States Dollar will be banned.
2007 – Singapore Airlines carry out the first passenger flight of an Airbus A380.
2009 – Bombings in Baghdad kill 155 people.
2010 – A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra causes tsunamis, which kill over 400 people, and leave many more missing.
2019 – The European Union agrees to extend the United Kingdom's Brexit deadline beyond October 31.
2019 – A beetle species discovered in 1965 is named after climate change activist Greta Thunberg, being given the name Nelloptodes gretae.

Births

Up to 1900

1330 – Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
1510 – Renée of France (d. 1574)
1576 – Thomas Weelkes, English composer (d. 1623)
1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
1692 – Elizabeth Farnese, wife of King Philip V of Spain (d. 1766)
1714 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish scholar, philosopher and deist (d. 1799)
1754 – Richard Howell, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1802)
1759 – Maria Feodorovna, Russian Empress (d. 1828)
1759 – William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
1782 – Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
1789 – Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer and botanist (d. 1875)
1790 – Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor, creator of the Stirling engine (d. 1878)
1800 – Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian and politician (d. 1859)
1802 – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
1811 – Evariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
1821 – Antonio Ciseri, Swiss–Italian writer (d. 1891)
1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
1827 – Marcelin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
1828 – Dragan Tsankov, Bulgarian political figure (d. 1911)
1835 – William McTaggart, Scottish painter (d. 1910)
1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
1864 – John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
1867 – Józef Dowbór-Muśnicki, Polish general (d.1937)
1868 – Dan Burke, American baseball player (d. 1933)
1868 – Oskar Kallas, Estonian diplomat, linguist and folklorist (d. 1946)
1877 – Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (d. 1957)
1879 – Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1924)
1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
1889 – Abel Gance, movie writer (d. 1981)
1889 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player (d. 1985)
1891 – Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
1892 – Leo G. Carroll, actor (d. 1972)
1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
1900 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)

1901 – 1925

1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz musician (d. 1933)
1902 – Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1955)
1902 – Alfred E. Driscoll, Governor of New Jersey (d. 1975)
1903 – Katharine Byron, United States Congresswoman (d. 1976)
1905 – Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
1912 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
1913 – Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
1914 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
1918 – Chubby Jackson, American jazz musician and bandleader (d. 2003)
1919 – Norman E. Erbe, Governor of Iowa (d. 2000)
1919 – Beate Uhser-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
1921 – Michael I, former King of Romania (d. 2017)
1923 – Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
1923 – Bobby Thomson, Scottish–born American baseball player (d. 2010)
1923 – Achille Silvestrini, Italian cardinal (d. 2019)
1924 – Bill Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
1924 – Earl Palmer, American musician (d. 2008)
1925 – John J. Snyder, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2019)

1926 – 1950

1926 – Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano (d. 2012)
1927 – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, former President of Uruguay (d. 2016)
1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (d. 2017)
1927 – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
1928 – Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist (d. 2016)
1928 – Jeanne Cooper, American actress (d. 2013)
1928 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
1929 – Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (d. 2008)
1931 – Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
1932 – Jerzy Pawlowski, Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
1933 – Jack Haley Jr., movie producer and director (d. 2001)
1935 – Rusty Schweickart, American astronaut
1936 – Martin Gilbert, British historian (d. 2015)
1936 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
1937 – Roberto Menescal, Brazilian musician
1938 – Basile Georges Casmoussa, Iraqi archbishop
1938 – Vija Celmins, Latvian–American artist
1939 – Robert Cogoi, Belgian singer
1939 – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek movie director and writer (d. 2007)
1939 – Dave Simmonds, English motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
1940 – Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
1941 – Anne Tyler, novelist
1942 – Helen Reddy, Australian singer
1944 – Jon Anderson, singer (Yes)
1944 – James Carville, political operative
1944 – Donald Ford, Scottish footballer
1944 – Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician
1945 – Yuriy Mechkov, Russian politician (d. 2019)
1947 – Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
1948 – Dan Gable, wrestler and coach
1949 – Brian Kerwin, actor
1949 – Ross Bagdasarian Jr., American voice actor
1950 – David Kaye, former American rabbi and convicted sex offender

1951 – 1975

1951 – Richard Lloyd, musician
1952 – Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician and academic
1954 – Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
1955 – Glynis Barber, English actress
1955 – Robin Eubanks, American jazz musician
1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist
1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
1957 – Bernard Hogan-Howe, English police officer
1958 – Kornelia Ender, German swimmer
1958 – Phil Daniels, British actor
1959 – Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
1961 – Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chilli Peppers)
1961 – Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
1962 – Nick Hancock, British TV presenter
1962 – Darlene Vogel, American actress
1963 – John Levén, Swedish bassist (Europe)
1963 – Tracy Nelson, actress
1964 – Nicole, German singer
1966 – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Oleg Salenko, Ukrainian–Russian footballer
1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian guitarist and singer (Barenaked Ladies)
1970 – Adam Goldberg, American actor
1970 – Adam Pascal, American actor
1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
1971 – Midori, Japanese violinist
1972 – Esther Duflo, French–American economist
1972 – Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
1973 – Bettina Wulff, former First Lady of Germany
1975 – Zadie Smith, British novelist

From 1976

1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
1977 – Anita Rani, English television presenter
1978 – An Jong-hak, Japanese–born North Korean footballer
1978 – Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee
1979 – Ivana Sert, Serbian–Turkish television personality, model and fashion designer
1979 – Rob Hulse, English footballer
1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
1981 – Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer
1982 – Victoria Francés, Spanish artist
1984 – Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
1984 – Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
1984 – Katy Perry, American singer
1985 – Ciara Harris, American singer
1985 – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer
1986 – DJ Webstar, American DJ and producer
1987 – Bill Amis, American basketball player
1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast
1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
1988 – Rylan Clark-Neal, English television personality
1995 – Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress
1997 – Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer
1997 – Michael Rice, English singer
2001 – Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, next in–line to the throne of Belgium
2006 – Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

Deaths

Up to 1900

304 – Pope Marcellinus
625 – Pope Boniface V
1047 – King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
1154 – King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German archbishop
1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (b. 1340)
1415 – Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
1415 – Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
1478 – Catherine of Bosnia (b. 1425)
1495 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop (b. 1431)
1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
1733 – Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
1760 – King George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
1833 – Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
1836 – Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader (b. 1800)
1844 – Heinrich Cotta, German forester (b. 1763)
1906 – Todor Burmov, Bulgarian politician (b. 1834)
1920 – King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
1921 – Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
1926 – Charles Marion Russell, American artist and writer (b. 1864)
1945 – Robert Ley, German Nazi official (b. 1890)
1951 – Amélie of Orléans, last Queen of Portugal (b. 1865)
1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese Hiroshima Atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
1973 – Robert Scholl, German politician (b. 1891)
1973 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
1992 – Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
1994 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (b. 1920)
1995 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
1999 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)

From 2001

2001 – Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari, Empress of Iran (b. 1932)
2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
2002 – René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
2003 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross–country skier (b. 1925)
2004 – John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
2009 – Camillo Cibin, Italian papal bodyguard (b. 1926)
2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
2011 – Tom McNeeley, American boxer (b. 1937)
2012 – John Connelly, English footballer (b. 1938)
2012 – Jacques Barzun, French–born American historian and philosopher (b. 1907)
2013 – Arthur Danto, American philosopher and art critic (b. 1924)
2013 – Nigel Davenport, British actor (b. 1928)
2013 – Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
2013 – Hal Needham, American stuntman and director (b. 1931)
2013 – Marcia Wallace, American actress (b. 1942)
2014 – Marcia Strassman, American actress (b. 1948)
2014 – Reyhaneh Jabbari, Iranian woman convicted of murder (b. 1988)
2014 – Jack Bruce, Scottish musician (b. 1943)
2014 – Carlos Morales Troncoso, Vice President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1940)
2015 – Flip Saunders, American basketball coach (b. 1955)
2015 – Lisa Jardine, English historian (b. 1944)
2016 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (b. 1944)
2017 – Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali military officer (b. 1926)
2017 – Jack Bannon, American actor (b. 1940)
2017 – Ronald Breslow, American chemist (b. 1931)
2017 – Ian Cathie, Australian politician (b. 1932)
2017 – Lu Guanqiu, Chinese entrepreneur (b. 1945)
2017 – Pinito del Oro, Spanish trapeze artist and novelist (b. 1930)
2018 – Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player (b. 1980)
2018 – Lindon Crow, American football player (b. 1933)
2018 – Sonny Fortune, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1939)
2018 – Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and author (b. 1923)
2018 – Michael J. O'Connor, American politician (b. 1928)
2018 – Shivinder Singh Sidhu, Indian politician, Governor of Meghalaya and Goa (b. 1929)
2018 – John Ziegler Jr., American ice hockey player (b. 1934)
2019 – Salvador Freixedo, Spanish ufologist and Jesuit priest (b. 1923)
2019 – Carlo Strenger, Swiss–Italian psychologist and philosopher (b. 1958)
2019 – Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (b. 1932)

Observances

Constitution Day (Lithuania)
Armed Forces Day (Romania)
Day of the Basque Country
Republic Day (Kazakhstan)
Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)