President of Syria
| President of Syria
رئيس سوريا | |
|---|---|
.svg) Emblem of Syria | |
.svg) Flag of Syria | |
| Executive branch of the Syrian Government | |
| Style | Mr President (informal) His Excellency (diplomatic) |
| Status | |
| Member of | |
| Residence | Presidential Palace |
| Seat | Damascus, Syria |
| Appointer | Popular vote |
| Inaugural holder | Subhi Barakat (French Mandate) Shukri al-Quwatli (current constitution) |
| Formation | 17 April 1946 |
| Deputy | Vice President |
The President of Syria is the head of state and head of government of Syria and serves as the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces.[1]
Bashar al-Assad was president for twenty-four years until being forced out of office following the success of the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives.[2]
On 29 January 2025, Ahmed al-Sharaa was appointed as the president of Syria for the transitional government.[3][4]
List
[change | change source]List of heads of state of Syria
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| Syrian Arab word (1961–present) | |||||||||
| Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) | |||||||||
| — | Maamun al-Kuzbari مأمون الكزبري (1914–1998) |
— | 29 September 1961 | 20 November 1961 | 52 days | Independent | Kuzbari took office following the 1961 coup d'état, which dissolved the United Arab Republic. | ||
| — |  |
Izzat al-Nuss عزت النص (1912–1976)[5] |
— | 20 November 1961 | 14 December 1961 | 24 days | Military | ||
| 1 |  |
Nazim al-Qudsi ناظم القدسي (1906–1998) |
— | 14 December 1961 | 8 March 1963 | 1 year, 84 days | People's Party | The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the March 8 Revolution, toppled Qudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[6] | |
| Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) | |||||||||
| Vacant (8 March 1963 – 9 March 1963) | |||||||||
| 2 |  |
Lu'ay al-Atassi لؤي الأتاسي (1926–2003) |
— | 9 March 1963 | 27 July 1963 | 140 days | Independent | Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[7] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[8] | |
| 3 |  |
Amin al-Hafiz أمين الحافظ (1921–2009) |
— | 27 July 1963 | 23 February 1966 | 2 years, 211 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the Ba'athist National Command.[9] | |
| Vacant (23 February 1966 – 25 February 1966) | |||||||||
| 4 |  |
Nureddin al-Atassi نور الدين الأتاسي (1929–1992) |
— | 25 February 1966 | 18 November 1970 | 4 years, 266 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[10] Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.[11] | |
| — |  |
Ahmad al-Khatib أحمد الخطيب (1933–1982) |
— | 18 November 1970 | 12 March 1971 | 114 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
||
| 5 |  |
Hafez al-Assad حافظ الأسد (1930–2000) |
1971 1978 1985 1991 1999 |
12 March 1971 | 10 June 2000 | 29 years, 90 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Assad died in office.[12] | |
| — | .jpg) |
Abdul Halim Khaddam عبدالحليم خدام (1932–2020) |
— | 10 June 2000 | 17 July 2000 | 37 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Khaddam constitutionally succeeded from the vice presidency, and served on an acting basis until the new confirmative referendum. | |
| 6 |  |
Bashar al-Assad بَشَّارُ ٱلْأَسَدِ (born 1965) |
2000 2007 2014 2021 |
17 July 2000 | 8 December 2024 | 24 years, 144 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Assad was overthrown during the fall of Damascus in the Syrian civil war, and fled the country to Russia.[13] | |
| Transitional period (2024–present) | |||||||||
| Vacant (8 December 2024 – 29 January 2025) | |||||||||
| 7 |  |
Ahmed al-Sharaa أحمد الشرع (born 1982) |
— | 29 January 2025 | Incumbent | 1 year, 126 days | Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham | Sharaa served as the country's de facto leader from the overthrow of the Assad regime[14] until his appointment as president.[15][16] | |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Syria - The President and the Cabinet".
- ↑ "Syrian rebels say Syria is free of Assad". The Guardian. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- ↑ "الشرع رئيسا لسوريا وحل الفصائل وحزب البعث وتعطيل الدستور" [Sharaa as President of Syria, dissolving factions and the Baath Party, and suspending the constitution]. Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ "Syria's Sharaa declared president for transitional period, state news agency says". Reuters. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ "Who's who in the Arab World". 1974.
- ↑ Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
- ↑ Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
- ↑ Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
- ↑ Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
- ↑ Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
- ↑ Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
- ↑ Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
- ↑ "Syrian rebels topple President Assad, prime minister calls for free elections". Reuters. 8 December 2024.
- ↑
- Salame, Richard (29 December 2024). "Syrian elections may not be held for 4 years, says de facto leader". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024.
- Sarkar, Alisha Rahaman (19 December 2024). "Syria's de facto new leader says it is not a threat to the West". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024.
- Jewers, Chris (19 December 2024). "Syrian rebel leader says women's education will continue – but refuses to be drawn on alcohol". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024.
Ahmed al-Sharaa, Syria's de facto leader, said he believed in education for women as he denied the new government would be another version of the Taliban.
- Bowen, Jeremy (18 December 2024). "Syria not a threat to world, rebel leader Ahmed al-Sharaa tells BBC". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2024.
The de facto leader of Syria, Ahmed al-Sharaa, has said the country is exhausted by war and is not a threat to its neighbours or to the West.
- Griswold, Eliza (17 December 2024). "Reasons to Leave Syria—and to Return". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 December 2024.
He wanted to see how Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, the head of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham—an Islamist group formerly linked to the Islamic State and Al Qaeda—and now the de-facto leader of Syria, behaved.
- Maher, Hatem (14 December 2024). "Syria's de facto leader not interested in new conflicts despite Israeli attacks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 December 2024.
- ↑ "الشرع رئيسا لسوريا وحل الفصائل وحزب البعث وتعطيل الدستور" [Sharaa as President of Syria, dissolving factions and the Baath Party, and suspending the constitution]. Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ "Syria's Sharaa declared president for transitional period, state news agency says". Reuters. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
