impero

See also: Impero, imperó, and imperò

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /imˈpɛ.ro/
Rhymes: -ɛro
Hyphenation: im‧pè‧ro

Etymology 1

From Latin imperium.

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

impero

Wikipedia ^it

Noun

impero m (plural imperi)

empire

Related terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

impero

first-person singular present indicative of imperare

Anagrams

empirò, empori, erompi, meropi, pomeri, premio, premiò, proemi

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-der.

Latin parō

Latin imperō

From in- + parō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɪm.pɛ.roː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈim.pe.ro]

Verb

imperō (present infinitive imperāre, perfect active imperāvī, supine imperātum); first conjugation

(with dative) to command, give orders to, impose, demand
Synonyms: praecipiō, indīcō, praescrībō, ēdīcō, mandō, iniungō, dictō, iubeō, pōnō
- 1st c. BC, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico:
  Eorum qui domum redierunt, censu habito, ut Caesar imperaverat, repertus est numerus milium centum et decem.
  A census of those who went home having been taken, as Caesar had commanded, the number of soldiers was found to be one hundred and ten.
- c. 400 CE – 500 CE, Anonymous, defixio 30, Roma:
  c[o]ndo[---]NTA [---]in[c]umbite
  in foco [---] I +[p]enuar++ ut p(er)eat in die-
  bus VII[---] (magical symbols) [---] imp(er)at vobis Abrax[as---]
  exi E[---e]um sau[cietis---] iacbebrarum Solomon
  (charaktêres) [---] (charaktêres) [---] (magical symbols)
  (magical symbols) [---] V imperat tibi
  abl[anatabla] (charaktêres) [---]IA dep(rae)cor vestra(m) virtu-
  tem[---] ut eum [pe]ssime p(er)datis iạm iam
  cit[o] c̣ito (vacat)
  Translation by Blänsdorf 2015b: 26, modified in Natalías 2022
  I hide him (?) (...) put into the fire (...) the head of the supply, in order he may die within seven (?) days (...) Abraxas gives you the command go out (...) in order you shall hurt him (...) Iacbebrarum Solomon (...) he commands you Abla[tanabla] (...) I implore your virtue (...) to destroy him badly, soon, soon, quickly [quickly].
  
  Note that whoever wrote this defixio (possibly a professional practicioner) uses many different magical symbols and charakteres, as well as multiple other magical formulas including the palindrome Ablanatanalba and invoking Solomon and Abraxas. Natalías also notes specifically that this inscription was written on copper instead of lead, rare for a defixio in the Roman West. Note also the use of Abraxas as a commanding figure through which the defigens may get their way; the practitioner must implore (depraecor) but Abraxas may command (imperat). See more on these subjects in Natalías 2022.
to rule, govern
Synonyms: imperitō, moderor, ōrdinō, dominor, rēgnō, regō, magistrō, gerō

Conjugation

Conjugation of imperō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	imperō	imperās		imperat	imperāmus	imperātis		imperant
	imperfect	imperābam	imperābās		imperābat	imperābāmus	imperābātis		imperābant
	future	imperābō	imperābis		imperābit	imperābimus	imperābitis		imperābunt
	perfect	imperāvī	imperāvistī, imperāstī²		imperāvit, imperāt²	imperāvimus, imperāmus²	imperāvistis, imperāstis²		imperāvērunt, imperārunt, imperāvēre²
	pluperfect	imperāveram, imperāram²	imperāverās, imperārās²		imperāverat, imperārat²	imperāverāmus, imperārāmus²	imperāverātis, imperārātis²		imperāverant, imperārant²
	future perfect	imperāverō, imperārō²	imperāveris, imperāris²		imperāverit, imperārit²	imperāverimus, imperārimus²	imperāveritis, imperāritis²		imperāverint, imperārint²
	sigmatic future¹	imperāssō	imperāssis		imperāssit	imperāssimus	imperāssitis		imperāssint
passive	present	imperor	imperāris, imperāre		imperātur	imperāmur	imperāminī		imperantur
	imperfect	imperābar	imperābāris, imperābāre		imperābātur	imperābāmur	imperābāminī		imperābantur
	future	imperābor	imperāberis, imperābere		imperābitur	imperābimur	imperābiminī		imperābuntur
	perfect	imperātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	imperātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	imperātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	imperem	imperēs		imperet	imperēmus	imperētis		imperent
	imperfect	imperārem	imperārēs		imperāret	imperārēmus	imperārētis		imperārent
	perfect	imperāverim, imperārim²	imperāverīs, imperārīs²		imperāverit, imperārit²	imperāverīmus, imperārīmus²	imperāverītis, imperārītis²		imperāverint, imperārint²
	pluperfect	imperāvissem, imperāssem²	imperāvissēs, imperāssēs²		imperāvisset, imperāsset²	imperāvissēmus, imperāssēmus²	imperāvissētis, imperāssētis²		imperāvissent, imperāssent²
	sigmatic aorist¹	imperāssim	imperāssīs		imperāssīt	imperāssīmus	imperāssītis		imperāssint
passive	present	imperer	imperēris, imperēre		imperētur	imperēmur	imperēminī		imperentur
	imperfect	imperārer	imperārēris, imperārēre		imperārētur	imperārēmur	imperārēminī		imperārentur
	perfect	imperātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	imperātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	imperā		—	—	imperāte		—
active	future	—	imperātō		imperātō	—	imperātōte		imperantō
passive	present	—	imperāre		—	—	imperāminī		—
passive	future	—	imperātor		imperātor	—	—		imperantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		imperāre		imperārī		imperāns		—
future		imperātūrum esse		imperātum īrī		imperātūrus		imperandus
perfect		imperāvisse, imperāsse²		imperātum esse		—		imperātus
future perfect		—		imperātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		imperātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		imperandī	imperandō		imperandum	imperandō	imperātum		imperātū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
²At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

adimperō

Related terms

Descendants

→ English: imperate
→ Italian: imperare
→ Portuguese: imperar
→ Spanish: imperar

References

“impero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“impero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“impero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
- to overcome one's passions: imperare cupiditatibus
- to compel communities to provide troops: imperare milites civitatibus
- to compel communities to provide hostages: obsides civitatibus imperare

Portuguese

Verb

impero

first-person singular present indicative of imperar

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /imˈpeɾo/ [ĩmˈpe.ɾo]
Rhymes: -eɾo
Syllabification: im‧pe‧ro

Verb

impero

first-person singular present indicative of imperar

Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Related terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Further reading

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

Portuguese

Verb

Spanish

Pronunciation

Verb