Sputum

Asọ mmiri ọnụ na-adịghị mma
Asọ mmiri ọnụ na-adịghị mma
Aha ndị ọzọ	Abụ
	Enterococcus sp. dị ka akị bekee nje bacteria e nwetara na onye ọrịa oyi bara ahụ
Nkwupụta	/'spju:təm/ ;
Ihe pụrụ iche	Ọrịa akpa ume

Abnormal sputum
Abnormal sputum
Other names	Mucus
	Cocci-shaped Enterococcus sp. bacteria taken from a pneumonia patient
Pronunciation	/'spju:təm/ ;

Sputum bụ ụkwara na-esi n'ụzọ ikuku ndị mgbada apụta (ya bụ trachea na bronchi). A na-akpọkarị ya "phlegm". Na ihe gbasara ahụike, a na-ejikarị ihe nlele si na sputum eme ihe maka nnyocha nke ile anya nkịtị, nnyocha microbiological nke ọrịa Ọkụ ume, na nnyocha cytological nke usoro iku ume.

A chọpụtala na nnyocha anya nkịtị ndị a na-aga nke ọma, mana ha na-adabere na onye na-eme ya bụ nnyocha (n'ọnọdụ ọkachamara, onye dọkịta). Nkà na ụzụ dị ugbu a nke nwere ike nyochaa sputum n'ụzọ ziri ezi karị, mana ọ na-adịkarị oke ọnụ, adị mgbagwoju anya, ma ọ bụ sie ike iji.

Onye ọrịa nwere ike ime nnyocha anya nkịtị nke sputum n'ụlọ iji chọpụta ụcha dị iche iche (lee n'okpuru). Ihe ọ bụla na-egosi na ọ na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (pus) na-egosi ọrịa ụzọ ikuku (ma ọ naghị egosi ụdị nje na-akpata ya). A na-achọpụta ihe ngosi dị otú ahụ nke ọma mgbe a na-ele sputum ahụ anya n'elu ebe na-acha ọcha, dị ka akwụkwọ ọcha, ite ọcha, ma ọ bụ ala mmiri ọcha.

Inwe phlegm (sputum) na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, odo odo, ma ọ bụ nke rọrọ arọ anaghị egosi mgbe niile ọnụnọ nke ọrịa. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na ọrịa dị, ụcha nke phlegm (sputum) anaghị ekpebi ma ọ bụ nje vaịrọs, nje bacteria ma ọ bụ nje ọzọ kpatara ya. Mmetụta na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịkpata mgbanwe na ụcha nke mucus.^[1]

Nkọwa

Ihe nlele ndị kacha mma si na sputum na-enwe asọ mmiri dị ezigbo ntakịrị, ebe ọ bụ na asọ mmiri na-emetọ ihe nlele ahụ site n'itinye ya nje bacteria si n'ọnụ. Nke a kachasị bụrụ eziokwu maka ihe nlele ndị a ga-enyocha n'ụlọ nnyocha na cytology maọbụ na microbiology. Ndị ome nnyocha na-atụle nkwesị nke ihe nlele kwesịrị site n'ịnwale mmetọ Gram maọbụ mmetọ cytology nke sputum ahụ. Ihe karịrị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa squamous epithelial dị iri abụọ na ise a na-enyopughị baa n'ime ọfụma n'okpuru igwe nnyocha microscope na-atụsi aro ike na e nwere mmetọ site n'asọ mmiri.^[2] Ọtụtụ ihe nlele ndị si na sputum ka e jila tụọ ogo ọzịza nke ụzọ ikuku ruru n'ọrịa ndị mmadụ dịka ọrịa ụkwara ume ọkụ (asthma). N'ụzọ doro anya, ọrụ a egosipụtala na otu otu ndị na-arịasi ọrịa ụkwara ume ọkụ ike nwere ọzịza nke ụzọ ikuku nke na-eguzogide ọgwụgwọ site na corticosteroids.^[3]

Mgbe e tinyere ihe nlere si na sputum n'efere na microbiology, ihe kacha mma ime bụ inweta akụkụ ihe nlere ahụ nke fọrọ nta ka o yie abụ na-acha odo odo ka ọ banye na swab. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọbara ọbụla dị na sputum, o kwesịkwara ịdị na swab. ^{[citation needed]} Ihe nlere ndị si na sputum microbiological ka a na-eji achọ ọnụnọ ọrịa, dịka Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, na Haemophilus influenzae. E nwekwara ike ịchọta nje na-akpata ọrịa ndị ọzọ.

Purulent sputum ^[4] nwere pus, nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha, ihe mkpofu mkpụrụ ndụ, anụ ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, mmiri na-esi isi ụtọ, na mmiri na-amị amị (mucus). Purulent sputum na-adị acha odo odo ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. A na-ahụ ya na ndị na-arịa ọrịa oyi ịba n'ahụ, bronchiectasis, abscess akpa ume, ma ọ bụ ọkwa dị elu nke bronchitis.

Nkọwa

Sputum nwere ike ịdị (mgbe ejiri anya nkịtị nyochaa ya):

Ọbara Ọbara^[4] (ọrịa ịgbọ ọbara)
- Asọ mmiri dị ọbara ọbara - ihe na-egosi na e nwere ike nwee ọzịza nke akpịrị (larynx na / ma ọ bụ trachea) ma ọ bụ bronchi; Ọrịa kansa akpa ume; ọbara si ebe ndị ọzọ na-agbapụta, ọnyá afọ gasị, ma ọ bụ akpụ nke dị n'ụzọ ikuku ndị dị ala.
- Sputum na-acha pink - ọ na-egosi sputum gwakọtara nke ọma ya na ọbara sitere na alveoli na / ma ọ bụ obere bronchi dị ka a na-ahụ na ọzịza nke akpa ume.
- Mgbapụta nnukwu ọbara - ihe na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ịbụ na e nwere ọrịa ụkwara nta nke cavity ma ọ bụ akpụ dịka Ọrịa kansa akpa ume, ma ọ bụ abscess akpa ume; bronchiectasis; ọrịa obi akpa ume; embolism akpa ume.
- Sputum na-acha ọbara ọbara dị ka jel - ihe na-egosi oyi ịba n'ahụ nke Klebsiella nwere ike ibute.
Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma ọ bụ nwee ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ n'ime ya - na-egosi ọrịa iku ume nke nwere ike ịnọlarị ogologo oge (ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ sitere na mgbanwe na-emebi emebi e nwere na ihe mkpofu mkpụrụ ndụ) dị ka n'oyi ịba n'ahụ, nkwonkwo akpa ume gbawara agbawa, bronchitis na-efe efe na-adịghị ala ala, na bronchiectasis ma ọ bụ cystic fibrosis nwere ọrịa.
Nchara nchara - nke nje bacteria pneumococcal na-akpatakarị (na oyi ịba n'ahụ), embolism akpa ume, kansa akpa ume ma ọ bụ ụkwara nta akpa ume.
Ụrọ ụrọ - nwere ike igosi ọrịa bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala (akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ / odo odo / ụrọ ụrọ); oyi ịba n'ahụ na-adịghị ala ala (na-acha ngwakọta ọcha ọcha na ụrọ ụrọ); ụkwara nta; Ọrịa kansa akpa ume.
Odo odo, purulent na-acha odo odo - ihe na-egosi na ihe nlele ahụ nwere pus. "Ụcha sputum nke ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu ụkwara na enweghị ọrịa akpa ume ọbụla na-adịghị ala ala apụtaghị ọgwụgwọ ya, dị ka ọgwụgwọ site n'inye ọgwụ nje." Ụcha ahụ nwere ike inye ihe na-egosi ọgwụgwọ dị irè na ndị ọrịa bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala: ^[5]
Ụcha gwakọtara odo odo-akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (mucopurulent) na-atụ aro na ọgwụgwọ site n'ịnye ọgwụ nje nwere ike belata mgbaàmà ya. Ihe na-akpata ụcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ahụ bụ site na neutrophil verdoperoxidase na-emebi emebi.
Ụcha sputum na-acha ngwakọta ọcha ọcha na ntụ ntụ n'elu ebe ndabere na-acha ọcha (dị ka elu mmiri na-acha ọcha) na-egosi ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ sitere n'onye mmiri gwụrụ n'ahụ, na / ma ọ bụ site n'onye okenye, na / ma ọ bụ ihe nlele nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ eosinophils dị ala na ikekwe ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ neutrophil na-afụ ụfụ (nhọrọ ikpeazụ a na-atụ aro bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala).
Ọdịdị na-acha ọcha, acha mmiri ara ehi mmiri ara ehi, ma ọ bụ opaque (mucoid) pụtara na ọgwụ nje nwere ike ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ na ọgwụgwọ ya n'ihi na o yikarịrị ka ọrịa nje ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị anabata ya karịa nke micro-organisms na-emeghachi omume na nje. Ịrọ arọ ya nwere ike igosi ụkwara ume ọkụ.
Ịcha ọcha dị ụfụfụ ụfụfụ - nwere ike isi na ọzịza nke akpa ume meburu na mbụ.
Ụcha pink dị ụfụfụ ụfụfụ - nwere ike igosi oke ọzịza nke akpa ume. Ọgwụ mgbochi nje nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mkpa n'oge a.
Enweghị ụcha ọbụla - embolism akpa ume (si n'enweghị ụcha ọbụla baa n'ịdị ụfụfụ ụfụfụ); COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (si n'enweghị ụcha ọbụla baa n'ịcha ntụ ntụ); viral respiratory infection (si n'enweghị ụcha ọbụla baa n'ịcha ọcha maọbụkwanụ mgbe ụfọdụ obere ụcha odo odo); ụkwara ume ọkụ (si n'ịrọ arọ acha ọcha baa n'ịcha odo odo).

Edensibịa

↑ Green phlegm and snot 'not always a sign of an infection needing antibiotics' (en). GOV.UK (18 November 2013). Retrieved on 2022-04-17.
↑ Gershman (August 1999). "Fractional analysis of sequential induced sputum samples during sputum induction: Evidence that different lung compartments are sampled at different time points". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 104 (2): 322–328. DOI:10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70374-X. PMID 10452752.
↑ Peters (March 2018). "Refractory airway type 2 inflammation in a large subgroup of asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 143 (1): 104–113.e14. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.1009. PMID 29524537.
1 2 Richard F. LeBlond (2004). DeGowin's diagnostic examination. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-140923-8.
↑ (2009) "Sputum color for diagnosis of a bacterial infection in patients with acute cough". Scand J Prim Health Care 27 (2): 70–3. DOI:10.1080/02813430902759663. PMID 19242860.

Njikọ mpụga

Templeeti:Medical resources Templeeti:Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs

[1] Green phlegm and snot 'not always a sign of an infection needing antibiotics' (en). GOV.UK (18 November 2013). Retrieved on 2022-04-17.

[2] Gershman (August 1999). "Fractional analysis of sequential induced sputum samples during sputum induction: Evidence that different lung compartments are sampled at different time points". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 104 (2): 322–328. DOI:10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70374-X. PMID 10452752.

[3] Peters (March 2018). "Refractory airway type 2 inflammation in a large subgroup of asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 143 (1): 104–113.e14. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.1009. PMID 29524537.

[DeGowin's-4] 1 2 Richard F. LeBlond (2004). DeGowin's diagnostic examination. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-140923-8.

[5] (2009) "Sputum color for diagnosis of a bacterial infection in patients with acute cough". Scand J Prim Health Care 27 (2): 70–3. DOI:10.1080/02813430902759663. PMID 19242860.

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