Teobroma

Theobroma
	Theobroma cacao mevasi
Ilmiy tasniflash
	Oʻsimliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Rosids
	Malvales
	Gulxayridoshlar
	Byttnerioideae
	Theobromateae
	Theobroma; ; L.
Mashhur turi
	Theobroma cacao; ; L.
Sinonimlar
	Cacao Mill. Tribroma O. F. Cook

Teobroma - Gulxayridoshlar oilasiga mansub gulli oʻsimliklar turkumi. Uning tarkibiga Markaziy va Janubiy Amerikaning tropik oʻrmonlariga xos boʻlgan 20 ga yaqin kichik daraxtlar kiradi^[2].

Theobroma kakao, bu turkumning eng mashhur turi boʻlib, mevasi shokolad tayyorlash uchun ishlatiladi. Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) va Mocambo (Theobroma bicolor) ham iqtisodiy ahamiyatga ega.

Taksonomiya

Nom yunoncha theos „xudo“^[3], broma „oziq-ovqat“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi^[4] va „xudolarning taomi“ deb tarjima qilinadi^[5].

Turlari

Rasm	Ilmiy ism	Tarqatish
	Theobroma angustifolium DC.	Kosta-Rika, Meksika, Nikaragua, Panama
	Theobroma bernoullii Pittier	Panama.
	Theobroma bicolor Bonpl. – mokambo	Shimoliy Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Peru, Venesuela
	Theobroma cacao L. – kakao	Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Kosta-Rika, Ekvador, Fransiya Gvianasi, Gayana, Peru, Surinam, Venesuela
	Theobroma canumanense Pires & Fróes ex Cuatrec.	Braziliya
	Theobroma cirmolinae Cuatrec.	Kolumbiya
	Theobroma gileri Cuatrec.	Kolumbiya, Ekvador
	Theobroma glaucum H.Karst.	Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Ekvador, Peru
	Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum. (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum. – kubok	Boliviya, Braziliya, Gayana, Gonduras, Venesuela
	Theobroma hylaeum Cuatrec.	Kolumbiya, Panama
	Theobroma mammosum Cuatrec. & J.León	Kosta-Rika, Nikaragua
	Theobroma microcarpum Mart.	Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Venesuela
	Theobroma nemorale Cuatrec.	Kolumbiya
	Theobroma obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli	Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Gayana, Peru, Venesuela
	Theobroma simiarum Donn.Sm.	Kolumbiya, Kosta-Rika, Ekvador, Nikaragua, Panama
	Theobroma sinuosum Pav. ex Huber	Braziliya, Peru
	Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. – kakau	Boliviya, Braziliya, Peru, Venesuela
	Theobroma subincanum Mart.	Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Ekvador, Fransiya Gvianasi, Gayana, Surinam, Venesuela
	Theobroma sylvestre Aubl. ex Mart.	Braziliya.
	Theobroma velutinum Benoist	Braziliya, Fransiya Gvianasi, Surinam

Ilgari bu turkumga kirgan

Abroma augustum (L.) Lf (T. augustum L. kabi.)
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (T. Guazuma L.)
Herrania albiflora Goudot (T. albiflorum (Goudo) De Wild kabi.)
Herrania mariae (mart. ) Decne. sobiq Gudo (T. mariae kabi (mart. ) K. Shum.)
Herrania purpurea (Pittier) RE Schult. (T. purpureum Pittier kabi)^[6]

Foydalanish

Teobromaning bir nechta turlari hosil qiladigan mevadan kakao tayyorlanadi.

Theobroma turlari, E. chalybeatus, E. damor, E. hosei va E. sericeus kabi Endoclita turkumining baʼzi kuyalarining lichinkalari tomonidan oziq-ovqat oʻsimliklari sifatida ishlatiladi. Boshqa bir kuya, Hypercompe muzina lichinkalari faqat Theobroma kakao bilan oziqlanadi.

Kakaoning faol moddasi teobrominning nomi turkumdan olingan.

Manbalar

1 2 „Genus: Theobroma L.“ Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 5 Jun 2003. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
↑ Genovese, Maria Inés; Barros, Helena Rudge de Moraes (2017), Mérillon, Jean-Michel; Ramawat, K.G. (muh.), „Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum: Bioactive Compounds and Associated Health Benefits“, Bioactive Molecules in Food (inglizcha), Cham: Springer International Publishing, 1–22-bet, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_15-1, ISBN 978-3-319-54528-8, qaraldi: 21-mart 2023-yil{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date format ()
↑ Liddell. „θεός“. A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library (1940).
↑ Liddell. „ἀ“. A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library (1940).
↑ „Theobroma - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics“. www.sciencedirect.com. Qaraldi: 21-mart 2023-yil.
↑ „GRIN Species Records of Theobroma“. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Qaraldi: 9-dekabr 2010-yil.

[GRIN-1] 1 2 „Genus: Theobroma L.“ Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 5 Jun 2003. Retrieved 9 December 2010.

[2] Genovese, Maria Inés; Barros, Helena Rudge de Moraes (2017), Mérillon, Jean-Michel; Ramawat, K.G. (muh.), „Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum: Bioactive Compounds and Associated Health Benefits“, Bioactive Molecules in Food (inglizcha), Cham: Springer International Publishing, 1–22-bet, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_15-1, ISBN 978-3-319-54528-8, qaraldi: 21-mart 2023-yil{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date format ()

[3] Liddell. „θεός“. A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library (1940).

[4] Liddell. „ἀ“. A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library (1940).

[5] „Theobroma - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics“. www.sciencedirect.com. Qaraldi: 21-mart 2023-yil.

[GRINSpecies-6] „GRIN Species Records of Theobroma“. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Qaraldi: 9-dekabr 2010-yil.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]