Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecom using Dynamic Knowledge Graphs and Explainable Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

Yan Xin Yan Xin 0001 NEC Laboratories National University of Singapore Minnesota University, Minneapolis, MN, USA http://www.ece.nus.edu.sg/stfpage/elexy/ Yan Xin 0002 Huawei Technologies Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre University of Alberta Yan Xin 0003 Jiangsu University, Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Zhenjiang, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8787-3466 Yan Xin 0004 Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China

Dun Yuan Hao Zhou 0013 Xue Liu 0004 Hao Chen 0010 Yan Xin Jianzhong Zhang 0002 Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecom using Dynamic Knowledge Graphs and Explainable Retrieval-Augmented Generation. 2026 February abs/2602.17529 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.17529 db/journals/corr/corr2602.html#abs-2602-17529 streams/journals/corr

Rui Du Haocheng Hua Hailiang Xie Xianxin Song Zhonghao Lyu Mengshi Hu Narengerile Yan Xin Stephen McCann Michael Montemurro Tony Xiao Han Jie Xu 0002 An Overview on IEEE 802.11bf: WLAN Sensing. 184-217 2025 February 27 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2024.3408899 db/journals/comsur/comsur27.html#DuHXSLHNXMMHX25 streams/journals/comsur

Yixiao Ruan Zan Li Yan Xin Dan Yu Qingpei Hu A High-Order Saddlepoint Method for Bayesian System Evaluation. 2609-2642 2025 December 38 J. Syst. Sci. Complex. 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11424-025-4005-y db/journals/jossac/jossac38.html#RuanLXYH25 streams/journals/jossac

Murat Bayraktar Yan Xin Joint Uplink Channel Denoising and Feedback-Based Multi-Resolution Precoder Prediction for Cellular TDD MIMO Systems. 11901-11915 2025 November 73 IEEE Trans. Commun. 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2025.3581115 db/journals/tcom/tcom73.html#BayraktarX25 streams/journals/tcom

Yu-Chien Lin Yan Xin Ta-Sung Lee Jianzhong Charlie Zhang Zhi Ding 0001 Physics-Inspired Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing Framework in Efficient Channel State Feedback. 1117-1131 2025 February 24 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3505239 db/journals/twc/twc24.html#LinXLZD25 streams/journals/twc

Daoud Burghal Xinliang Zhang Yan Xin Younghan Nam Pilot Pattern Learning and Deep CSI Reconstruction for Efficient MIMO Systems. GLOBECOM 2025 1464-1470 conf/globecom/2025 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM59602.2025.11432494 db/conf/globecom/globecom2025.html#BurghalZXN25 streams/conf/globecom Ye Yuan 0017 Haolun Wu Hao Zhou 0013 Xue Liu 0001 Hao Chen 0010 Yan Xin Jianzhong Charlie Zhang Understanding 6G through Language Models: A Case Study on LLM-aided Structured Entity Extraction in Telecom Domain. GLOBECOM 2025 3879-3884 conf/globecom/2025 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM59602.2025.11432058 db/conf/globecom/globecom2025.html#YuanWZLCXZ25 streams/conf/globecom Yong Ren Xiaochuan Ma Yan Xin Han Wang Russell Ford Samuel Albert Charlie Zhang 0002 Panhyung Lee Hakyung Jung Seungjoo Maeng Cellular Network Traffic Prediction with Graph Neural Networks. GLOBECOM 2025 5260-5265 conf/globecom/2025 https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM59602.2025.11432679 db/conf/globecom/globecom2025.html#RenMXWFAZLJM25 streams/conf/globecom Dun Yuan Hao Zhou 0013 Di Wu 0044 Xue Liu 0004 Hao Chen 0010 Yan Xin Jianzhong Charlie Zhang Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecommunications using Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation. 486-491 2025 ICC Workshops https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops67674.2025.11162336 conf/icc/2025w db/conf/icc/icc2025w.html#YuanZWLCXZ25 streams/conf/icc Russell Ford Hao Chen 0010 Pranav Madadi Mandar Kulkarni Xiaochuan Ma Daoud Burghal Guanbo Chen Yeqing Hu Chance Tarver Panagiotis Skrimponis Yu Zhang 0123 Yan Xin Jianzhong Zhang 0002 Shubham Khunteta Yeswanth Reddy Guddeti Ashok Kumar Reddy Chavva Mahantesh Kothiwale Davide Villa Sim2Field: End-to-End Development of AI RANs for 6G. 22-28 2025 OpenRan@MobiCom https://doi.org/10.1145/3737900.3770168 conf/openran/2025 db/conf/openran/openran2025.html#Ford0MKMBCHTSZX25

Dun Yuan Hao Zhou 0013 Di Wu 0044 Xue Liu 0004 Hao Chen 0010 Yan Xin Jianzhong Zhang 0002 Enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecommunications using Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation. 2025 March abs/2503.24245 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.24245 db/journals/corr/corr2503.html#abs-2503-24245 streams/journals/corr

Ye Yuan 0017 Haolun Wu Hao Zhou 0013 Xue Liu 0001 Hao Chen 0010 Yan Xin Jianzhong Zhang 0002 Understanding 6G through Language Models: A Case Study on LLM-aided Structured Entity Extraction in Telecom Domain. 2025 May abs/2505.14906 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.14906 db/journals/corr/corr2505.html#abs-2505-14906 streams/journals/corr

Yuyan Lin Hao Zhou 0013 Chengming Hu Xue Liu 0004 Hao Chen 0010 Yan Xin Jianzhong Zhang 0002 Hierarchical Debate-Based Large Language Model (LLM) for Complex Task Planning of 6G Network Management. 2025 June abs/2506.06519 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.06519 db/journals/corr/corr2506.html#abs-2506-06519 streams/journals/corr

Tianyu Li Yan Xin Jianzhong Zhang MoE-CE: Enhancing Generalization for Deep Learning based Channel Estimation via a Mixture-of-Experts Framework. 2025 September abs/2509.15964 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.15964 db/journals/corr/corr2509.html#abs-2509-15964 streams/journals/corr

Russell Ford Hao Chen 0010 Pranav Madadi Mandar Kulkarni Xiaochuan Ma Daoud Burghal Guanbo Chen Yeqing Hu Chance Tarver Panagiotis Skrimponis Vitali Loseu Yu Zhang 0123 Yan Xin Yang Li 0024 Jianzhong Zhang 0002 Shubham Khunteta Yeswanth Reddy Guddeti Ashok Kumar Reddy Chavva Mahantesh Kothiwale Davide Villa Sim2Field: End-to-End Development of AI RANs for 6G. 2025 September abs/2509.23528 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.23528 db/journals/corr/corr2509.html#abs-2509-23528 streams/journals/corr

Xiaochuan Ma Yan Xin Yong Ren Daoud Burghal Hao Chen 0010 Jianzhong Charlie Zhang Diffusion Model Based Channel Estimation. 1159-1164 2024 ICC Workshops https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops59551.2024.10615282 conf/icc/2024w db/conf/icc/icc2024w.html#MaXRBCZ24 Yu-Chien Lin Yan Xin Ta-Sung Lee Charlie Jianzhong Zhang Yibo Ma Zhi Ding 0001 Plug-in UL-CSI-Assisted Precoder Upsampling Approach in Cellular FDD Systems. 1-6 2024 VTC Fall https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757743 conf/vtc/2024f db/conf/vtc/vtc2024f.html#LinXLZM024

Yu-Chien Lin Yan Xin Ta-Sung Lee Charlie Zhang 0002 Zhi Ding 0001 Physics-Inspired Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing Framework in Efficient Channel State Feedback. 2024 abs/2403.08133 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.08133 db/journals/corr/corr2403.html#abs-2403-08133

Chengming Hu Ju Wang 0003 Di Wu 0044 Yan Xin Charlie Zhang 0002 Xue Liu 0004 Gregory Dudek AdaTeacher: Adaptive Multi-Teacher Weighting for Communication Load Forecasting. 7399-7404 2023 GLOBECOM https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437499 conf/globecom/2023 db/conf/globecom/globecom2023.html#HuWWXZLD23 Yan Xin Ville Ojanen Meichun Wang Knowledge Management Practices in the End-of-Life Phase of Product-Service Systems: Experiences of Recycling and Waste Management Companies. 886-890 2023 IEEM https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM58616.2023.10406675 conf/ieem/2023 db/conf/ieem/ieem2023.html#XinOW23

Rui Du Haocheng Hua Hailiang Xie Xianxin Song Zhonghao Lyu Mengshi Hu Narengerile Yan Xin Stephen McCann Michael Montemurro Tony Xiao Han Jie Xu 0002 An Overview on IEEE 802.11bf: WLAN Sensing. 2023 abs/2310.17661 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.17661 db/journals/corr/corr2310.html#abs-2310-17661

Rui Du Hailiang Xie Mengshi Hu Narengerile Yan Xin Stephen McCann Michael Montemurro Tony Xiao Han Jie Xu 0002 An Overview on IEEE 802.11bf: WLAN Sensing. 2022 abs/2207.04859 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.04859 db/journals/corr/corr2207.html#abs-2207-04859

Wen Ji 0003 Touradj Ebrahimi Zhu Li 0001 Jinhong Yuan Dapeng Oliver Wu Yan Xin Guest Editorial: Emerging Visual IoT Technologies for Future Communications and Networks. 10-11 2021 28 IEEE Wirel. Commun. 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2021.9535459 db/journals/wc/wc28.html#JiELYWX21

Chen Hao Yan Xin Decoupling analysis of traffic system carbon emission and coordination degree physical model. 2620-2624 2021 AIAM (ACM) https://doi.org/10.1145/3495018.3501152 conf/aiam/2021-2 db/conf/aiam/aiam2021-2.html#HaoX21 Kajal Bhandari Yan Xin Ville Ojanen Understanding Human-machine Collaborative Systems in Industrial Decision-making. 1402-1406 2021 IEEM https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM50564.2021.9673073 conf/ieem/2021 db/conf/ieem/ieem2021.html#BhandariXO21 Wui Wang Lui Amy Wing-Sze Leung Henry C. M. Leung Yan Xin Jade L. L. Teng Patrick C. Y. Woo Tak Wah Lam Ruibang Luo MegaPath-Nano: Accurate Compositional Analysis and Drug-level Antimicrobial Resistance Detection Software for Oxford Nanopore Long-read Metagenomics. 329-336 2020 BIBM https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM49941.2020.9313313 conf/bibm/2020 db/conf/bibm/bibm2020.html#LuiLLXTWLL20

Zhou Zhou 0002 Yan Xin Hao Chen 0010 Charlie Zhang 0002 Lingjia Liu 0001 Pareto Deterministic Policy Gradients and Its Application in 5G Massive MIMO Networks. 2020 abs/2012.01279 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01279 db/journals/corr/corr2012.html#abs-2012-01279

Jie Ren 0013 Xin Zhang Yan Xin Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network to Recognize LTE Uplink Interference. 1-6 2019 WCNC https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2019.8885870 conf/wcnc/2019 db/conf/wcnc/wcnc2019.html#RenZX19 Dinghua Li Henry Chi-Ming Leung Chi-Kwong Wong Yifan Zhang Wai-Chun Law Yan Xin Ruibang Luo Hing-Fung Ting Tak Wah Lam MegaPath: Low-Similarity Pathogen Detection from Metagenomic NGS Data (Extended Abstract). 1 2018 ICCABS https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCABS.2018.8541953 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICCABS.2018.8541953 conf/iccabs/2018 db/conf/iccabs/iccabs2018.html#LiLWZLXLTL18 Naveed Iqbal 0003 Jian Luo 0001 Yan Xin Robert Müller 0003 Stephan Häfner Reiner S. Thomä Measurements Based Interference Analysis at Millimeter Wave Frequencies in an Indoor Scenario. 1-5 2017 GLOBECOM Workshops https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2017.8269038 conf/globecom/2017w db/conf/globecom/globecom2017w.html#IqbalLXMHT17 Kun Zeng Ziming Yu Jia He 0002 Guangjian Wang Yan Xin Wen Tong Mutual Interference Measurement for Millimeter-Wave D2D Communications in Indoor Office Environment. 1-6 2017 GLOBECOM Workshops https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOMW.2017.8269036 conf/globecom/2017w db/conf/globecom/globecom2017w.html#ZengYHWXT17

Shaowei Wang 0001 Yan Xin Shanzhi Chen Weiyi Zhang 0001 Chonggang Wang Enhancing spectral efficiency for lte-advanced and beyond cellular networks [Guest Editorial]. 8-9 2014 21 IEEE Wirel. Commun. 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2014.6812285 db/journals/wc/wc21.html#WangXCZW14

Yan Xin Young-Han Nam Yang Li 0024 Jianzhong Charlie Zhang Reduced complexity precoding and scheduling algorithms for full-dimension MIMO systems. 4858-4863 2014 GLOBECOM https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7037575 conf/globecom/2014 db/conf/globecom/globecom2014.html#XinNLZ14 Yang Li 0024 Yan Xin Mian Dong Gary Xu Jianzhong (Charlie) Zhang Younsun Kim Juho Lee 0002 Implementation of full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO) in LTE. 998-1003 2013 ACSSC https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.2013.6810440 conf/acssc/2013 db/conf/acssc/acssc2013.html#LiXDXZKL13

Kah-Hin Chai Yan Xin The Application of New Product Development Tools in Industry: The Case of Singapore. 543-554 2006 53 IEEE Trans. Engineering Management 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2006.883708 db/journals/tem/tem53.html#ChaiX06

Samuel Albert Murat Bayraktar Kajal Bhandari Daoud Burghal Kah-Hin Chai Ashok Kumar Reddy Chavva Guanbo Chen Hao Chen 0010 Shanzhi Chen Zhi Ding 0001 Mian Dong Rui Du Gregory Dudek Touradj Ebrahimi Russell Ford Yeswanth Reddy Guddeti Stephan HafnerStephan Häfner Tony Xiao Han Chen Hao Jia He 0002 Chengming Hu Mengshi Hu Q. P. HuQingpei Hu Yeqing Hu Haocheng Hua Naveed Iqbal 0003 Wen Ji 0003 Hakyung Jung Shubham Khunteta Younsun Kim Mahantesh Kothiwale Mandar Kulkarni Tak Wah Lam Wai-Chun Law Juho Lee 0002 Panhyung Lee Ta-Sung Lee Amy Wing-Sze Leung Henry C. M. LeungHenry Chi-Ming Leung Dinghua Li Tianyu Li Yang Li 0024 Zan Li Zhu Li 0001 Yu-Chien Lin Yuyan Lin Lingjia Liu 0001 Xue Liu 0004 Xue (Steve) LiuXue Liu 0001 Vitali Loseu Wui Wang Lui Jian Luo 0001 Ruibang Luo Zhonghao Lyu Xiaochuan Ma Yibo Ma Pranav Madadi Seungjoo Maeng Stephen McCann Michael Montemurro Robert Müller 0003 Young-Han NamYounghan Nam Narengerile Ville Ojanen Jie Ren 0013 Yong Ren Yixiao Ruan Panagiotis Skrimponis Xianxin Song Chance Tarver Jade L. L. Teng Reiner S. Thomä Hing-Fung Ting Wen Tong Davide Villa Chonggang Wang Guangjian Wang Han Wang Ju Wang 0003 Meichun Wang Shaowei Wang 0001 Chi-Kwong Wong Patrick C. Y. Woo Dapeng Oliver Wu Di Wu 0044 Haolun Wu Hailiang Xie Gary Xu Jie Xu 0002 Dan Yu Ziming Yu Dun Yuan Jinhong Yuan Ye Yuan 0017 Kun Zeng Jianzhong Zhang Jianzhong Zhang 0002Jianzhong (Charlie) ZhangJianzhong Charlie ZhangCharlie Jianzhong ZhangCharlie Zhang 0002 Weiyi Zhang 0001 Xin Zhang Xinliang Zhang Yifan Zhang Yu Zhang 0123 Hao Zhou 0013 Zhou Zhou 0002