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Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

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TIMSS 8th grade average Mathematics scores (2019)
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TIMSS 8th grade average Science scores (2019)
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TIMSS 4th grade average Mathematics scores (2019)
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TIMSS 4th grade average Science scores (2019)

The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)'s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)[1] is a series of international assessments of the mathematics and science knowledge of students around the world. The participating students come from a diverse set of educational systems (countries or regional jurisdictions of countries) in terms of economic development, geographical location, and population size. In each of the participating educational systems, a minimum of 4,000 to 5,000 students is evaluated. Contextual data about the conditions in which participating students learn mathematics and science are collected from the students and their teachers, their principals, and their parents via questionnaires.[2]

TIMSS is one of the studies established by IEA aimed at allowing educational systems worldwide to compare students' educational achievement and learn from the experiences of others in designing effective education policy. This assessment was first conducted in 1995, and has been administered every four years thereafter. Therefore, some of the participating educational systems have trend data across assessments from 1995 to 2023.[3] TIMSS assesses 4th and 8th grade students, while TIMSS Advanced assesses students in the final year of secondary school in advanced mathematics and physics.

Definition of terms

[edit]

"Eighth grade" in the United States is approximately 13–14 years of age and equivalent to:

  • Year 9 (Y9) in England and Wales
  • 2nd Year (S2) in Scotland
  • 2nd Year in the Republic of Ireland
  • 1st Year in South Africa
  • Form 2 in Hong Kong
  • 4e in France
  • Year 9 in New Zealand
  • Form 2 in Malaysia
  • 2nd Year in Japan

"Fourth grade" in the United States is approximately equivalent to 9–10 years of age and equivalent to:

  • Year 5 (Y5) in England and Wales
  • Primary 6 (P6) in Scotland
  • Group 6 in the Netherlands
  • CM1 in France
  • Fourth Class in the Republic of Ireland
  • Standard 3 or Year 5 in New Zealand
  • 4th Year in Japan

History

[edit]

A precursor to TIMSS was the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) performed in 1964 in 11 countries for students aged 13 and in the final year of secondary education (FS) under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). This was followed in 1970–1971 by the First International Science Study (FISS) for students aged 10, 14, and FS. Fourteen countries tested 10-year-olds; 16 countries tested the older two groups. These were replicated between 1980 and 1984.[4]

These early studies were revised and combined by the IEA to create TIMSS, which was first administered in 1995. It was the largest international student assessment study of its time and evaluated students in five grades. In the second cycle (1999) only eighth-grade students were tested. In the next cycles (2003, 2007, 2011, and 2015) both 4th and 8th grade students were assessed. The 2011 cycle was performed in the same year as the IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), offering a comprehensive assessment of mathematics, science and reading for the countries participating in both studies. The sixth cycle was conducted in 2015, and the results were released in 2016;[5] the data set was published in February 2017. TIMSS 2015 included data collected from parents for the first time.[6] TIMSS Advanced, previously conducted in 1995 and 2008, was also conducted in 2015, and assessed final-year secondary students' achievement in advanced mathematics and physics. Policy-relevant data about curriculum emphasis, technology use, and teacher preparation and training accompanies the TIMSS Advanced results.

The seventh cycle of TIMSS was conducted in 2019 and marked the beginning of the transition to a digital assessment format, with the digital assessment administered to half of participating countries, and the paper assessment administered to the remaining half. 64 countries and 8 benchmarking systems participating in TIMSS 2019. Results were released in December 2020.[7]

Method, data and documentation

[edit]

Along with the overall students' achievement data, TIMSS comprehensive assessments include data on student performance in various mathematics and science domains (algebra, geometry, biology, chemistry, etc.) and on performance in the problem solving challenges in each of these contexts. In addition, TIMSS provides contextual data on crucial curricular, instructional, and resource-related factors that can impact the teaching and learning process. These data are gathered using student, teacher, school, and curriculum (national) questionnaires filled out by students, teachers, school principals and National Research Coordinators, respectively.

According to the TIMSS 2019 Assessment Frameworks, "The TIMSS mathematics and science achievement scales were created with the first TIMSS assessment in 1995, separately for each subject and each grade. The scale units were established so that 100 points on the scale was equivalent to one standard deviation of the distribution of achievement across all of the countries that participated in TIMSS 1995, and the scale midpoint of 500 was located at the mean of this international achievement distribution. The TIMSS achievement scales were first used for reporting TIMSS results with TIMSS 1995, and all results from subsequent TIMSS assessments have been reported on the same scale metrics, making it possible to measure growth or decline in countries' achievement distributions from assessment to assessment."[8]

Because TIMSS is administered in four-year cycles, it enables participating counties to use the results between the fourth and eighth grades to track the changes in achievement and certain background factors from an earlier study. For example, results of the fourth grade in TIMSS 1995 can be compared with the results of the eighth grade in TIMSS 1999, as fourth graders had become eighth graders in the next cycle of study.[9]

The collected information is presented in different formats. For example, for TIMSS 2019 the results are presented as TIMSS 2019 International Results in Mathematics and Science TIMSS 2019 International Results in Mathematics and Science.[10] The TIMSS 2019 Encyclopedia[11] provides an overview of how mathematics and science are taught in each participating country. Methods and Procedures: TIMSS 2019 Technical Report[12] documents the development of the TIMSS assessments and questionnaires, and describes the methods used. The TIMSS 2019 User Guide for the International Database describes the content and format of the data in the TIMSS 2019 International Database[13]

The IEA has developed an application for working with data from TIMSS and other IEA large-scale assessments called the IEA International Database (IDB) Analyzer.[14] This application allows researchers to combine data files and facilitates some types of statistical analysis (such as computing means, percentages, percentiles, correlations, and estimating single level multiple linear regression). The application takes into account the complex sample structure of the databases when calculating the statistics and their standard errors. It also allows researchers to estimate achievement scores and their standard errors.

For an overview of the IEA study results and interpretation of information, see IEA's Data Visualizer.[15]

Cycles

[edit]

TIMSS 2027 Assessment

[edit]

The official TIMSS 2027 Assessment Frameworks for mathematics and science have been released, providing a detailed blueprint for how the upcoming assessment cycle will be designed and implemented. These frameworks outline the content domains, cognitive domains, and performance expectations for participating grade levels. Compared with previous cycles, they reflect refinements in topic emphasis, updated learning progressions, and stronger alignment with contemporary curricula. In addition, the frameworks include revised contextual questionnaires for students, teachers, and school leaders, aimed at capturing richer background data on instructional practices, school environments, and learning conditions.[16][17]

In the United States, the Department of Education opened a public comment period in late 2025 to solicit feedback on proposed revisions to the TIMSS 2027 international questionnaires.[18]

TIMSS 2023

[edit]

TIMSS 2023 was the eighth cycle of TIMSS and reported overall achievement as well as results according to international benchmarks, by major content domains (number, algebra, and geometry in mathematics, and earth science, biology, and chemistry in science) and by cognitive domains (knowing, applying, reasoning).[19] TIMSS 2023 collected detailed information about curriculum and curriculum implementation of participating countries and published this information the TIMSS 2023 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Mathematics and Science.[20]

TIMSS 2023 results are summarized in TIMSS 2023 International Results in Mathematics and Science.[21]".This detailed report presents achievement and contextual data from participating countries and benchmarking entities. The TIMSS 2023 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Mathematics and Science describes various features of the education systems in each participating country, including the mathematics and science curriculum, professional development requirements for teachers, and methods of monitoring student progress in mathematics and science. Each country's "chapter" in the encyclopedia was authored by that country's TIMSS representative.[20]

England and other countries have analysing their TIMSS 2023 results to understand how student achievement in mathematics and science has evolved since the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In England's case, analysis published in late 2024 and updated in 2025 points to a recovery in average mathematics performance to pre-pandemic levels, as well as notable increases in science scores for both primary (Year 5) and lower secondary (Year 9) students when compared with TIMSS 2019 results. This suggests that schools and students have shown resilience following substantial interruptions to teaching and learning during the pandemic.[22]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[23]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 605 Decrease 11 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 602 Decrease 10 points
3 Image South Korea 596 Decrease 11 points
4 Image Japan 595 Increase 1 point
5 Image Hong Kong 575 Decrease 3 points
6 Image England 525 Increase 10 points
7 Image Ireland 522 Decrease 2 points
8 Image Czech Republic 518 N/A
9 Image Sweden 517 Increase 14 points
10 Image Lithuania 514 Decrease 6 points
11 Image Austria 512 N/A
12 Image Australia 509 Decrease 8 points
13 Image Turkey 509 Increase 13 points
14 Image Hungary 506 Decrease 11 points
15 Image Finland 504 Decrease 5 points
16 Image Norway[a] 501 Decrease 2 points
17 Image Italy 501 Increase 4 points
International average 500 Steady
18 Image Malta 499 N/A
19 Image Romania 496 Increase 17 points
20 Image Cyprus 494 Decrease 7 points
21 Image United Arab Emirates 489 Increase 16 points
22 Image United States 488 Decrease 27 points
23 Image New Zealand 485 Decrease 14 points
24 Image Israel 487 Decrease 32 points
25 Image Azerbaijan 479 N/A
26 Image France 479 Decrease 4 points
27 Image Portugal 475 Decrease 25 points
28 Image Georgia 467 Increase 6 points
29 Image Kazakhstan 454 Decrease 34 points
30 Image Qatar 451 Increase 8 points
31 Image Bahrain 426 Decrease 55 points
32 Image Iran 423 Decrease 23 points
33 Image Uzbekistan 421 NA
34 Image Chile 416 Decrease 25 points
35 Image Oman 411 0
36 Image Malaysia 411 Decrease 50 points
37 Image Kuwait 399 Decrease 4 points
38 Image Saudi Arabia 397 Increase 3 points
39 Image South Africa[a] 397 Increase 8 points
40 Image Jordan 388 Decrease 32 points
41 Image Palestine 382 N/A
42 Image Brazil 378 N/A
43 Image Morocco 388 Decrease 10 points
44 Image Ivory Coast 263 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 546 Increase 9 points
– Emirate of Sharjah Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) 499 NA
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 454 Increase 18 points
Science[24]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 606 Decrease 2 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 572 Decrease 2 points
3 Image Japan 557 Decrease 13 points
4 Image South Korea 545 Decrease 16 points
5 Image England 531 Increase 14 points
6 Image Finland 531 Decrease 13 points
7 Image Turkey 530 Increase 15 points
8 Image Hong Kong 528 Increase 3 points
9 Image Czech Republic 527 NA
10 Image Ireland 525 Increase 2 points
11 Image Hungary 522 Decrease 8 points
12 Image Sweden 521 0 points
13 Image Australia 520 Decrease 8 points
14 Image Lithuania 519 Decrease 15 points
15 Image United States 513 Decrease 9 points
16 Image Austria 512 N/A
17 Image Portugal 506 Decrease 13 points
18 Image New Zealand 502 Increase 3 points
19 Image Malta 501 N/A
20 Image Italy 501 Increase 1 point
International average 500 Steady
21 Image Norway[a] 488 Decrease 7 points
22 Image United Arab Emirates 486 Increase 13 points
23 Image France 486 Decrease 3 points
24 Image Qatar 481 Increase 5 points
25 Image Israel 481 Decrease 32 points
26 Image Romania 466 Decrease 4 points
27 Image Cyprus 475 Decrease 20 points
28 Image Oman 456 Decrease 1 point
29 Image Chile 455 Decrease 7 points
30 Image Bahrain 452 Decrease 34 points
31 Image Georgia 448 Increase 1 points
32 Image Kazakhstan 443 Decrease 35 points
33 Image Malaysia 426 Decrease 34 points
34 Image Brazil 420 N/A
35 Image Kuwait 420 Decrease 24 points
36 Image Saudi Arabia 419 Decrease 12 points
37 Image Iran 419 Decrease 30 points
38 Image Jordan 413 Decrease 39 points
39 Image Azerbaijan 411 N/A
40 Image Uzbekistan 396 N/A
41 Image Palestine 393 N/A
42 Image South Africa[a] 362 Decrease 8 points
43 Image Morocco 327 Decrease 67 points
44 Image Ivory Coast 186 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 547 Increase 10 points
– Emirate of Sharjah Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) 499 Decrease 23 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 443 Increase 23 points
  1. 1 2 3 4 Ninth grade students

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[25]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 615 Decrease 10 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 607 Decrease 8 points
3 Image South Korea 594 N/A
4 Image Hong Kong 594 Decrease 8 points
5 Image Japan 591 Decrease2 points
6 Image Macau 582 N/A
7 Image Lithuania 561 Increase 19 points
8 Image Turkey[a] 553 Increase 30 points
9 Image England 552 Decrease 4 point
10 Image Poland 546 Increase26 points
11 Image Ireland 546 Decrease 2 points
12 Image Romania 542 N/A
13 Image Netherlands 537 Decrease 1 points
14 Image Latvia 534 Decrease 12 points
15 Image Norway[a] 531 Decrease 12 points
16 Image Czech Republic 530 Increase 3 points
17 Image Sweden 530 Decrease 9 points
18 Image Bulgaria 530 Increase 15 points
19 Image Finland 529 Decrease 3 points
20 Image Australia 525 Increase 9 points
21 Image Germany 524 Increase 3 points
22 Image Denmark 524 Decrease 1 points
23 Image Serbia 523 Increase15 points
24 Image Belgium(Flemish) 521 Decrease11 points
25 Image Hungary 520 Decrease 3 point
26 Image Portugal 517 Decrease 8 points
27 Image United States 517 Decrease 18 point
28 Image Cyprus 516 Decrease 16 points
29 Image Slovakia 515 Increase 5 points
30 Image Slovenia 514 N/A
31 Image Italy 513 Decrease 2 points
31 Image Armenia 513 Increase 15 point
33 Image Albania 512 Increase 18 points
34 Image Canada 504 Decrease 8 points
International average 500 Steady
34 Image Spain 498 Decrease 4 points
36 Image United Arab Emirates 498 Decrease 17 points
37 Image Georgia 498 Decrease 17 points
38 Image Azerbaijan 494 N/A
39 Image New Zealand 490 Increase 3 points
40 Image Belgium(French) 487 N/A
41 Image Kazakhstan 487 Decrease 25 points
42 Image France 484 Decrease 1 points
43 Image Montenegro 477 Increase 5 points
44 Image North Macedonia 474 Increase 2 points
45 Image Qatar 464 Increase 15 points
46 Image Bahrain 462 Decrease 18 points
47 Image Kosovo 451 Increase 2 points
48 Image Belize 447 Decrease 5 points
49 Image Chile 444 Increase 3 points
50 Image Uzbekistan 443 N/A
51 Image Jordan 427 N/A
52 Image Oman 421 Decrease 10 points
53 Image Iran 420 Decrease 23 points
54 Image Saudi Arabia 420 Increase 23 points
55 Image Brazil 400 N/A
56 Image Morocco 393 Increase 10 points
57 Image Kuwait 382 Decrease 1 points
58 Image South Africa[a] 362 Decrease 12 points
Benchmarking participants
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 557 Increase 13 points
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 515 Decrease 17 points
– Emirate of Sharjah Sharjah (UAE) 504 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 503 Decrease9 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 459 Increase 22 points
Science[26]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 607
2 Image South Korea 583
3 Image Chinese Taipei 573
4 Image Turkey[a] 570
5 Image England 556
6 Image Japan 555
7 Image Poland 550
8 Image Australia 550
9 Image Hong Kong 545
10 Image Finland[a] 542
11 Image Lithuania 537
12 Image Macau 536
13 Image Sweden 533
14 Image Ireland 532
15 Image United States 532
16 Image Norway[a] 530
17 Image Bulgaria 530
18 Image Romania 526
19 Image Czech Republic 526
20 Image Slovenia 526
21 Image Latvia 526
22 Image Hungary 524
22 Image Denmark 522
24 Image Canada 521
24 Image Slovakia 521
26 Image New Zealand 517
26 Image Netherlands 517
26 Image Germany 515
29 Image Portugal 511
30 Image Italy 511
30 Image Serbia 510
32 Image Spain 504
International average 500 Steady
33 Image United Arab Emirates 495
34 Image Albania 491
35 Image Belgium (Flemish) 599
36 Image France 488
37 Image Cyprus 487
38 Image Belgium(French) 481
39 Image Chile 479
40 Image Bahrain 475
41 Image Qatar 472
42 Image Kazakhstan 467
43 Image Georgia 465
44 Image Montenegro 461
45 Image Armenia 457
46 Image Belize 448
47 Image North Macedonia 439
48 Image Oman 433
49 Image Iran 432
50 Image Saudi Arabia 429
51 Image Brazil 425
52 Image Azerbaijan 422
53 Image Jordan 418
54 Image Uzbekistan 412
55 Image Kosovo 403
56 Image Morocco 390
57 Image Kuwait 373
58 Image South Africa[a] 308
Benchmarking participants
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 562
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 525
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 508
– Emirate of Sharjah Sharjah (UAE) 503
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 446
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fifth grade students

TIMSS 2019

[edit]

TIMSS 2019 marked the transition to a digital assessment format, allowing for new and innovative item types. In the digital assessment, students solved problems by interacting with shapes and patterns, arranging items on the screen, dragging and dropping items, and drawing. The digital version of TIMSS 2019 also introduced Problem Solving and Inquiry tasks that simulated real-world and laboratory situations and called for students to integrate and apply process skills and content knowledge. Half of the participating countries took the paper version of TIMSS and half of the participating countries took the digital version of TIMSS.

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[27]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 616 Decrease 5 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 612 Increase 13 points
3 Image South Korea 607 Increase 1 point
4 Image Japan 594 Increase 8 points
5 Image Hong Kong 578 Decrease 16 points
6 Image Russia 543 Increase 5 points
7 Image Ireland 524 Increase 1 point
8 Image Lithuania 520 Increase 9 points
9 Image Israel 519 Increase 8 points
10 Image Australia 517 Increase 12 points
11 Image Hungary 517 Increase 3 points
12 Image United States 515 Decrease 3 points
12 Image England 515 Decrease 3 points
14 Image Finland 509 N/A
15 Image Norway[a] 503 Decrease 9 points
15 Image Sweden 503 Increase 2 points
17 Image Cyprus 501 N/A
18 Image Portugal 500 N/A
International average 500 Steady
19 Image Italy 497 Increase 3 points
20 Image Turkey 496 Increase 38 points
21 Image Kazakhstan 488 Decrease 40 points
22 Image France 483 N/A
23 Image New Zealand 482 Decrease 11 points
24 Image Bahrain 481 Increase 27 points
25 Image Romania 479 N/A
26 Image United Arab Emirates 473 Increase 8 points
27 Image Georgia 461 Increase 8 points
27 Image Malaysia 461 Decrease 4 points
29 Image Iran 446 Increase 8 points
30 Image Qatar 443 Increase 6 points
31 Image Chile 441 Increase 14 points
32 Image Lebanon 429 Decrease 13 points
33 Image Jordan 420 Increase 34 points
34 Image Egypt 413 Increase 21 points
35 Image Oman 411 Increase 8 points
36 Image Kuwait 403 Increase 11 points
37 Image Saudi Arabia 394 Increase 26 points
38 Image South Africa[a] 389 Increase 17 points
39 Image Morocco 388 Increase 4 points
Benchmarking participants
– Moscow Moscow (Russia) 575 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 543 Steady
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 537 Increase 25 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 530 Decrease 8 points
– Western Cape Western Cape (South Africa)[a] 441 N/A
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 436 Decrease 6 points
– Gauteng Gauteng (South Africa)[a] 421 N/A
Science[28]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 608 Increase 11 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 574 Increase 5 points
3 Image Japan 570 Decrease 1 point
4 Image South Korea 561 Increase 5 points
5 Image Russia 543 Decrease 1 point
5 Image Finland 543 N/A
7 Image Lithuania 534 Increase 15 points
8 Image Hungary 530 Increase 3 points
9 Image Australia 528 Increase 16 points
10 Image Ireland 523 Decrease 7 points
11 Image United States 522 Increase 8 points
12 Image Sweden 521 Decrease 1 point
13 Image Portugal 519 N/A
14 Image England 517 Decrease 20 points
15 Image Turkey 515 Increase 22 points
16 Image Israel 513 Increase 6 points
17 Image Hong Kong 504 Decrease 42 points
18 Image Italy 500 Increase 1 point
International average 500 Steady
19 Image New Zealand 499 Decrease 14 points
20 Image Norway[a] 495 Decrease 14 points
21 Image France 489 N/A
22 Image Bahrain 486 Increase 20 points
23 Image Cyprus 484 N/A
24 Image Kazakhstan 478 Decrease 55 points
25 Image Qatar 475 Increase 18 points
26 Image United Arab Emirates 473 Decrease 4 points
27 Image Romania 470 N/A
28 Image Chile 462 Increase 8 points
29 Image Malaysia 460 Decrease 11 points
30 Image Oman 457 Increase 2 points
31 Image Jordan 452 Increase 26 points
32 Image Iran 449 Decrease 7 points
33 Image Georgia 447 Increase 4 points
34 Image Kuwait 444 Increase 33 points
35 Image Saudi Arabia 431 Increase 35 points
36 Image Morocco 394 Increase 1 point
37 Image Egypt 389 Increase 18 points
38 Image Lebanon 377 Decrease 21 points
39 Image South Africa[a] 370 Increase 12 points
Benchmarking participants
– Moscow Moscow (Russia) 567 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 548 Increase 18 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 537 Increase 12 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 522 Decrease 2 points
– Western Cape Western Cape (South Africa)[a] 439 N/A
– Gauteng Gauteng (South Africa)[a] 422 N/A
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 420 Decrease 34 points
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ninth grade students

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[25]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 615 Increase 7 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 607 Decrease 13 points
3 Image South Korea 594 Decrease 8 points
4 Image Hong Kong 594 Increase 2 points
5 Image Japan 591 Steady
6 Image Macau 582 Increase 3 points
7 Image Lithuania 561 Decrease 4 points
8 Image Turkey[a] 553 Increase 10 points
9 Image England 552 Increase 1 point
10 Image Poland 546 N/A
11 Image Ireland[a] 546 Decrease 6 points
12 Image Romania 542 Increase 7 points
13 Image Netherlands 537 N/A
14 Image Latvia 534 Increase 8 points
15 Image Norway[a] 531 Decrease 4 points
16 Image Czech Republic 530 Increase 5 points
17 Image Sweden ' 532 Decrease 14 points
17 Image Bulgaria 530 Increase 9 points
17 Image Finland 529 Decrease 3 points
20 Image Australia 525 Decrease 16 points
20 Image Germany 524 Decrease 14 points
22 Image Denmark 524 Decrease 6 points
22 Image Serbia 523 N/A
24 Image Belgium"Flanders" 521 Increase 2 points
24 Image Germany 521 Decrease 1 point
26 Image Poland 520 Decrease 15 points
27 Image Australia 516 Decrease 1 point
28 Image Azerbaijan 515 N/A
28 Image Bulgaria 515 Decrease 9 points
28 Image Italy 515 Increase 8 points
31 Image Kazakhstan 512 Decrease 32 points
31 Image Canada 512 Increase 1 point
33 Image Slovakia 510 Increase 12 points
34 Image Croatia 509 Increase 7 points
34 Image Malta 509 N/A
36 Image Serbia 508 Decrease 10 points
37 Image Spain 502 Decrease 3 points
International average 500 Steady
38 Image Armenia 498 N/A
39 Image Albania 494 N/A
40 Image New Zealand 487 Decrease 4 points
41 Image France 485 Decrease 3 points
42 Image Georgia 482 Increase 19 points
43 Image United Arab Emirates 481 Increase 29 points
44 Image Bahrain 480 Increase 29 points
45 Image North Macedonia 472 N/A
46 Image Montenegro 453 N/A
47 Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 452 N/A
48 Image Qatar 449 Increase 10 points
49 Image Kosovo 444 N/A
50 Image Iran 443 Increase 12 points
51 Image Chile 441 Decrease 18 points
52 Image Oman 431 Increase 6 points
53 Image Saudi Arabia 398 Increase 15 points
54 Image Morocco 383 Increase 6 points
54 Image Kuwait 383 Increase 30 points
56 Image South Africa[a] 374 Decrease 2 points
57 Image Pakistan 328 N/A
58 Image Philippines 297 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Moscow Moscow (Russia) 593 N/A
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 544 Increase 33 points
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 532 Decrease 4 points
– Community of Madrid Madrid (Spain) 518 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 512 Steady
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 441 Increase 22 points
Science[26]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 595 Increase 5 points
2 Image South Korea 588 Decrease 1 point
3 Image Russia 567 Steady
4 Image Japan 562 Decrease 7 points
5 Image Chinese Taipei 558 Increase 3 points
6 Image Finland 555 Increase 1 point
7 Image Latvia 542 N/A
8 Image Norway[a] 539 Increase 1 point
8 Image United States 539 Decrease 7 points
10 Image Lithuania 538 Increase 10 points
11 Image Sweden 537 Decrease 3 points
11 Image England 537 Increase 1 point
13 Image Czech Republic 534 Steady
14 Image Australia 533 Increase 9 points
15 Image Hong Kong 531 Decrease 26 points
15 Image Poland 531 Decrease 16 points
17 Image Hungary 529 Decrease 13 points
18 Image Ireland 528 Decrease 1 point
19 Image Turkey[a] 526 N/A
20 Image Croatia 524 Decrease 9 points
21 Image Canada 523 Decrease 2 points
22 Image Denmark 522 Decrease 5 points
22 Image Austria 522 N/A
24 Image Bulgaria 521 Decrease 15 points
24 Image Slovakia 521 Increase 1 point
26 Northern Ireland 518 Decrease 2 points
26 Image Netherlands 518 Increase 1 point
26 Image Germany 518 Decrease 10 points
29 Image Serbia 517 Decrease 8 points
30 Image Cyprus 511 Increase 30 points
30 Image Spain 511 Decrease 7 points
32 Image Italy 510 Decrease 6 points
33 Image Portugal 504 Decrease 4 points
34 Image New Zealand 503 Decrease 3 points
35 Image Belgium (Flemish) 501 Decrease 11 points
International average 500 Steady
36 Image Malta 496 N/A
37 Image Kazakhstan 494 Decrease 56 points
38 Image Bahrain 493 Increase 34 points
39 Image Albania 489 N/A
40 Image France 488 Increase 1 point
41 Image United Arab Emirates 473 Increase 22 points
42 Image Chile 469 Decrease 9 points
43 Image Armenia 466 N/A
44 Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 459 N/A
45 Image Georgia 454 Increase 3 points
46 Image Montenegro 453 N/A
47 Image Qatar 449 Increase 13 points
48 Image Iran 441 Increase 20 points
49 Image Oman 435 Increase 4 points
50 Image Azerbaijan 427 N/A
51 Image North Macedonia 426 N/A
52 Image Kosovo 413 N/A
53 Image Saudi Arabia 402 Increase 12 points
54 Image Kuwait 392 Increase 55 points
54 Image Morocco 374 Increase 17 points
56 Image South Africa[a] 324 N/A
57 Image Pakistan 290 N/A
58 Image Philippines 249 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Moscow Moscow (Russia) 595 N/A
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 545 Increase 27 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 524 Decrease 6 points
– Community of Madrid Madrid (Spain) 523 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 522 Decrease 3 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 418 Increase 3 points
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fifth grade students

TIMSS 2015

[edit]

In TIMSS 2015,[29] nationally representative samples of students in 57 countries and 7 benchmarking entities participated in the fourth grade assessment, the eighth grade assessment, or both.[30]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[31]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 621 Increase 10 points
2 Image South Korea 606 Decrease 7 points
3 Image Chinese Taipei 599 Decrease 10 points
4 Image Hong Kong 594 Increase 8 points
5 Image Japan 586 Increase 16 points
6 Image Russia 538 Decrease 1 point
7 Image Kazakhstan 528 Increase 41 points
8 Image Canada 527 N/A
9 Image Ireland 523 N/A
10 Image United States 518 Increase 9 points
10 Image England 518 Increase 11 points
12 Image Slovenia 516 Increase 11 points
13 Image Hungary 514 Increase 9 points
14 Image Norway[a] 512 N/A
15 Image Lithuania 511 Increase 9 points
15 Image Israel 511 Decrease 5 points
17 Image Australia 505 Steady
18 Image Sweden 501 Increase 17 points
International average 500 Steady
19 Image Italy 494 Decrease 4 points
19 Image Malta 494 N/A
21 Image New Zealand 493 Increase 5 points
22 Image Malaysia 465 Increase 25 points
23 Image United Arab Emirates 465 Increase 9 points
24 Image Turkey 458 Increase 6 points
25 Image Bahrain 454 Increase 45 points
26 Image Georgia 453 Increase 22 points
27 Image Lebanon 442 Decrease 7 points
28 Image Qatar 437 Increase 27 points
29 Image Iran 436 Increase 21 points
30 Image Thailand 431 Increase 4 points
31 Image Chile 427 Increase 11 points
32 Image Oman 403 Increase 37 points
33 Image Kuwait 392 N/A
33 Image Egypt 392 N/A
35 Image Botswana[a] 391 Decrease 6 points
36 Image Jordan 386 Decrease 20 points
37 Image Morocco 384 Increase 13 points
38 Image South Africa[a] 372 Increase 20 points
39 Image Saudi Arabia 368 Decrease 26 points
Benchmarking participants
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 543 Increase 11 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 522 Increase 10 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 512 Increase 34 points
– Florida Florida (United States) 493 Decrease 20 points
– Image Norway[b] 487 Increase 12 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 442 Decrease 7 points
– Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (Argentina) 396 N/A
Science[32]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 597 Increase 7 points
2 Image Japan 571 Increase 13 points
3 Image Chinese Taipei 569 Increase 5 points
4 Image South Korea 556 Decrease 4 points
5 Image Slovenia 551 Increase 8 points
6 Image Hong Kong 546 Increase 11 points
7 Image Russia 544 Increase 2 points
8 Image England 537 Increase 4 points
9 Image Kazakhstan 533 Increase 43 points
10 Image Ireland 530 N/A
10 Image United States 530 Increase 5 points
12 Image Hungary 527 Increase 5 points
13 Image Canada 526 N/A
14 Image Sweden 522 Increase 13 points
15 Image Lithuania 519 Increase 5 points
16 Image New Zealand 513 Increase 1 point
17 Image Australia 512 Decrease 7 points
18 Image Norway[a] 509 N/A
19 Image Israel 507 Decrease 9 points
International average 500 Steady
20 Image Italy 499 Decrease 2 points
21 Image Turkey 493 Increase 10 points
22 Image Malta 481 N/A
23 Image United Arab Emirates 477 Increase 12 points
24 Image Malaysia 471 Increase 45 points
25 Image Bahrain 466 Increase 14 points
26 Image Qatar 457 Increase 38 points
27 Image Iran 456 Decrease 18 points
27 Image Thailand 456 Increase 5 points
29 Image Oman 455 Increase 35 points
30 Image Chile 454 Decrease 7 points
31 Image Georgia 443 Increase 23 points
32 Image Jordan 426 Decrease 23 points
33 Image Kuwait 411 N/A
34 Image Lebanon 398 Decrease 8 points
35 Image Saudi Arabia 396 Decrease 40 points
36 Image Morocco 393 Increase 17 points
37 Image Botswana[a] 392 Decrease 12 points
38 Image Egypt 371 N/A
39 Image South Africa[a] 358 Increase 26 points
Benchmarking participants
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 530 Increase 10 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 525 Increase 40 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 524 Increase 3 points
– Florida Florida (United States) 508 Decrease 22 points
– Image Norway[b] 489 Decrease 5 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 454 Decrease 7 points
– Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (Argentina) 386 N/A
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ninth grade students
  2. 1 2 Eighth grade students

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[31]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 618 Increase 12 points
2 Image Hong Kong 615 Increase 13 points
3 Image South Korea 608 Increase 3 points
4 Image Chinese Taipei 597 Increase 6 points
5 Image Japan 593 Increase 8 points
6 Northern Ireland 570 Increase 8 points
7 Image Russia 564 Increase 22 points
8 Image Norway[a] 549 N/A
9 Image Ireland 547 Increase 20 points
10 Image England 546 Increase 4 points
10 Image Belgium (Flemish) 546 Decrease 3 points
12 Image Kazakhstan 544 Increase 43 points
13 Image Portugal 541 Increase 9 points
14 Image United States 539 Decrease 2 points
14 Image Denmark 539 Increase 2 points
16 Image Lithuania 535 Increase 1 point
16 Image Finland 535 Decrease 10 points
16 Image Poland 535 Increase 54 points
19 Image Netherlands 530 Decrease 10 points
20 Image Hungary 529 Increase 14 points
21 Image Czech Republic 528 Increase 17 points
22 Image Bulgaria 524 N/A
23 Image Cyprus 523 N/A
24 Image Germany 522 Decrease 6 points
25 Image Slovenia 520 Increase 7 points
26 Image Sweden 519 Increase 15 points
27 Image Serbia 518 Increase 2 points
28 Image Australia 517 Increase 1 point
29 Image Canada 511 N/A
30 Image Italy 507 Decrease 1 point
31 Image Spain 505 Increase 23 points
32 Image Croatia 502 Increase 12 points
International average 500 Steady
33 Image Slovakia 498 Decrease 9 points
34 Image New Zealand 491 Increase 5 points
35 Image France 488 N/A
36 Image Turkey 483 Increase 14 points
37 Image Georgia 463 Increase 13 points
38 Image Chile 459 Decrease 3 points
39 Image United Arab Emirates 452 Increase 18 points
40 Image Bahrain 451 Increase 15 points
41 Image Qatar 439 Increase 26 points
42 Image Iran 431 Steady
43 Image Oman 425 Increase 40 points
44 Image Indonesia 397 N/A
45 Image Jordan 388 N/A
46 Image Saudi Arabia 383 Decrease 27 points
47 Image Morocco 377 Increase 42 points
48 Image South Africa[a] 376 N/A
49 Image Kuwait 353 Increase 11 points
Benchmarking participants
– Florida Florida (United States) 546 Increase 1 point
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 536 Increase 3 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 512 Decrease 6 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 511 Increase 43 points
– Image Norway[b] 493 Decrease 2 points
– Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (Argentina) 432 N/A
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 419 Increase 2 points
Science[32]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 590 Increase 7 points
2 Image South Korea 589 Increase 2 points
3 Image Japan 569 Increase 10 points
4 Image Russia 567 Increase 15 points
5 Image Hong Kong 557 Increase 22 points
6 Image Chinese Taipei 555 Increase 3 points
7 Image Finland 554 Decrease 16 points
8 Image Kazakhstan 550 Increase 55 points
9 Image Poland 547 Increase 42 points
10 Image United States 546 Increase 2 points
11 Image Slovenia 543 Increase 23 points
12 Image Hungary 542 Increase 8 points
13 Image Sweden 540 Increase 7 points
14 Image Norway[a] 538 N/A
15 Image England 536 Increase 7 points
15 Image Bulgaria 536 N/A
17 Image Czech Republic 534 Decrease 2 points
18 Image Croatia 533 Increase 17 points
19 Image Ireland 529 Increase 13 points
20 Image Germany 528 Steady
20 Image Lithuania 528 Increase 13 points
22 Image Denmark 527 Decrease 1 point
23 Image Canada 525 N/A
23 Image Serbia 525 Increase 9 points
25 Image Australia 524 Increase 8 points
26 Image Slovakia 520 Decrease 12 points
26 Northern Ireland 520 Increase 3 points
28 Image Spain 518 Increase 13 points
29 Image Netherlands 517 Decrease 14 points
30 Image Italy 516 Decrease 8 points
31 Image Belgium (Flemish) 512 Increase 3 points
32 Image Portugal 508 Decrease 14 points
33 Image New Zealand 506 Increase 9 points
International average 500 Steady
34 Image France 487 N/A
35 Image Turkey 483 Increase 20 points
36 Image Cyprus 481 N/A
37 Image Chile 478 Decrease 2 points
38 Image Bahrain 459 Increase 10 points
39 Image Georgia 451 Decrease 4 points
39 Image United Arab Emirates 451 Increase 23 points
41 Image Qatar 436 Increase 42 points
42 Image Oman 431 Increase 54 points
43 Image Iran 421 Decrease 32 points
44 Image Indonesia 397 N/A
45 Image Saudi Arabia 390 Decrease 39 points
46 Image Morocco 357 Increase 93 points
47 Image Kuwait 337 Decrease 10 points
Benchmarking participants
– Florida Florida (United States) 549 Increase 4 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 530 Increase 2 points
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 525 Increase 9 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 518 Increase 57 points
– Image Norway[b] 493 Decrease 1 point
– Buenos Aires Buenos Aires (Argentina) 418 N/A
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 415 Increase 4 points
  1. 1 2 3 Fifth grade students
  2. 1 2 Fourth grade students

TIMSS 2011

[edit]

TIMSS 2011[33] had 52 participating educational systems for the fourth grade and 45 for the eighth grade.[6]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[34]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image South Korea 613 Increase 16 points
2 Image Singapore 611 Increase 18 points
3 Image Chinese Taipei 609 Increase 11 points
4 Image Hong Kong 586 Increase 14 points
5 Image Japan 570 Steady
6 Image Russia 539 Increase 27 points
7 Image Israel 516 Increase 53 points
8 Image Finland 514 N/A
9 Image United States 509 Increase 1 point
10 Image England 507 Decrease 6 points
11 Image Hungary 505 Decrease 12 points
11 Image Australia 505 Increase 9 points
11 Image Slovenia 505 Increase 4 points
14 Image Lithuania 502 Decrease 4 points
International average 500 Steady
15 Image Italy 498 Increase 18 points
16 Image New Zealand 488 N/A
17 Image Kazakhstan 487 N/A
18 Image Sweden 484 Decrease 7 points
19 Image Ukraine 479 Increase 17 points
20 Image Norway 475 Increase 6 points
21 Image Armenia 467 Decrease 32 points
22 Image Romania 458 Decrease 3 points
23 Image United Arab Emirates 456 N/A
24 Image Turkey 452 Increase 20 points
25 Image Lebanon 449 Steady
26 Image Malaysia 440 Decrease 34 points
27 Image Georgia 431 Increase 21 points
28 Image Thailand 427 Decrease 14 points
29 Image Republic of Macedonia 426 N/A
30 Image Tunisia 425 Increase 5 points
31 Image Chile 416 N/A
32 Image Iran 415 Increase 12 points
33 Image Qatar 410 Increase 103 points
34 Image Bahrain 409 N/A
35 Image Jordan 406 Decrease 21 points
36 Image Palestine 404 Increase 37 points
37 Image Saudi Arabia 394 Increase 65 points
38 Image Indonesia 386 Decrease 11 points
39 Image Syria 380 Decrease 15 points
40 Image Morocco 371 Decrease 10 points
41 Image Oman 366 Decrease 6 points
42 Image Ghana 331 Increase 22 points
Ninth grade participants
– Image Botswana[a] 397 N/A
– Image South Africa[a] 352 N/A
– Image Honduras[a] 338 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Massachusetts Massachusetts (United States) 561 Increase 14 points
– Minnesota Minnesota (United States) 545 Increase 13 points
– North Carolina North Carolina (United States) 537 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 532 Increase 4 points
– Indiana Indiana (United States) 522 N/A
– Colorado Colorado (United States) 518 N/A
– Connecticut Connecticut (United States) 518 N/A
– Florida Florida (United States) 513 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 512 Decrease 5 points
– Alberta Alberta (Canada) 505 N/A
– California California (United States) 493 N/A
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 478 Increase 17 points
– Alabama Alabama (United States) 466 N/A
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 449 N/A
Science[35]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 590 Increase 23 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 564 Increase 3 points
3 Image South Korea 560 Increase 7 points
4 Image Japan 558 Increase 4 points
5 Image Finland 552 N/A
6 Image Slovenia 543 Increase 5 points
7 Image Russia 542 Increase 12 points
8 Image Hong Kong 535 Increase 5 points
9 Image England 533 Decrease 9 points
10 Image United States 525 Increase 5 points
11 Image Hungary 522 Decrease 17 points
12 Image Australia 519 Increase 4 points
13 Image Israel 516 Increase 48 points
14 Image Lithuania 514 Decrease 5 points
15 Image New Zealand 512 N/A
16 Image Sweden 509 Decrease 2 points
17 Image Italy 501 Increase 6 points
17 Image Ukraine 501 Increase 16 points
International average 500 Steady
19 Image Norway 494 Increase 7 points
20 Image Kazakhstan 490 N/A
21 Image Turkey 483 Increase 29 points
22 Image Iran 474 Increase 15 points
23 Image Romania 465 Increase 3 points
23 Image United Arab Emirates 465 N/A
25 Image Chile 461 N/A
26 Image Bahrain 452 N/A
27 Image Thailand 451 Decrease 20 points
28 Image Jordan 449 Decrease 33 points
29 Image Tunisia 439 Decrease 6 points
30 Image Armenia 437 Decrease 51 points
31 Image Saudi Arabia 436 Increase 33 points
32 Image Malaysia 426 Decrease 45 points
32 Image Syria 426 Decrease 26 points
34 Image Palestine 420 Increase 16 points
34 Image Georgia 420 Decrease 1 point
34 Image Oman 420 Decrease 3 points
37 Image Qatar 419 Increase 100 points
38 Image Republic of Macedonia 407 N/A
39 Image Lebanon 406 Decrease 8 points
39 Image Indonesia 406 Decrease 21 points
41 Image Morocco 376 Decrease 26 points
42 Image Ghana 306 Increase 3 points
Ninth grade participants
– Image Botswana[a] 404 N/A
– Image Honduras[a] 369 N/A
– Image South Africa[a] 332 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Massachusetts Massachusetts (United States) 567 Increase 11 points
– Minnesota Minnesota (United States) 553 Increase 14 points
– Alberta Alberta (Canada) 546 N/A
– Colorado Colorado (United States) 542 N/A
– Indiana Indiana (United States) 533 N/A
– Connecticut Connecticut (United States) 532 N/A
– North Carolina North Carolina (United States) 532 N/A
– Florida Florida (United States) 530 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 521 Decrease 5 points
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 520 Decrease 6 points
– California California (United States) 499 N/A
– Alabama Alabama (United States) 485 N/A
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 485 Decrease 4 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 461 N/A
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ninth grade students

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[34]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 606 Increase 7 points
2 Image South Korea 605 N/A
3 Image Hong Kong 602 Decrease 5 points
4 Image Chinese Taipei 591 Increase 15 points
5 Image Japan 585 Increase 17 points
6 Northern Ireland 562 N/A
7 Image Belgium (Flemish) 549 N/A
8 Image Finland 545 N/A
9 Image England 542 Increase 1 point
9 Image Russia 542 Decrease 2 points
11 Image United States 541 Increase 12 points
12 Image Netherlands 540 Increase 5 points
13 Image Denmark 537 Increase 14 points
14 Image Lithuania 534 Increase 4 points
15 Image Portugal 532 N/A
16 Image Germany 528 Increase 3 points
17 Image Ireland 527 N/A
18 Image Serbia 516 N/A
18 Image Australia 516 Steady
20 Image Hungary 515 Increase 5 points
21 Image Slovenia 513 Increase 11 points
22 Image Czech Republic 511 Increase 25 points
23 Image Austria 508 Increase 3 points
23 Image Italy 508 Increase 1 point
25 Image Slovakia 507 Increase 11 points
26 Image Sweden 504 Increase 1 point
27 Image Kazakhstan 501 Decrease 48 points
International average 500 Steady
28 Image Malta 496 N/A
29 Image Norway 495 Increase 22 points
30 Image Croatia 490 N/A
31 Image New Zealand 486 Decrease 6 points
32 Image Spain 482 N/A
32 Image Romania 482 N/A
34 Image Poland 481 N/A
35 Image Turkey 469 N/A
36 Image Azerbaijan 463 N/A
37 Image Chile 462 N/A
38 Image Thailand 458 N/A
39 Image Armenia 452 Decrease 48 points
40 Image Georgia 450 Increase 12 points
41 Image Bahrain 436 N/A
42 Image United Arab Emirates 434 N/A
43 Image Iran 431 Increase 29 points
44 Image Qatar 413 Increase 117 points
45 Image Saudi Arabia 410 N/A
46 Image Oman 385 N/A
47 Image Tunisia 359 Increase 32 points
48 Image Kuwait 342 Increase 26 points
49 Image Morocco 335 Decrease 6 points
50 Image Yemen 248 Increase 24 points
Sixth grade participants
– Image Botswana[a] 419 N/A
– Image Honduras[a] 396 N/A
– Image Yemen[a] 348 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– North Carolina North Carolina (United States) 554 N/A
– Florida Florida (United States) 545 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 533 Increase 14 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 518 Increase 6 points
– Alberta Alberta (Canada) 507 Increase 2 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 468 Increase 24 points
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 417 N/A
Science[35]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image South Korea 587 N/A
2 Image Singapore 583 Decrease 4 points
3 Image Finland 570 N/A
4 Image Japan 559 Increase 11 points
5 Image Russia 552 Increase 6 points
5 Image Chinese Taipei 552 Decrease 5 points
7 Image United States 544 Increase 5 points
8 Image Czech Republic 536 Increase 21 points
9 Image Hong Kong 535 Decrease 19 points
10 Image Hungary 534 Decrease 2 points
11 Image Sweden 533 Increase 8 points
12 Image Slovakia 532 Increase 6 points
12 Image Austria 532 Increase 6 points
14 Image Netherlands 531 Increase 8 points
15 Image England 529 Decrease 13 points
16 Image Denmark 528 Increase 11 points
16 Image Germany 528 Steady
18 Image Italy 524 Decrease 11 points
19 Image Portugal 522 N/A
20 Image Slovenia 520 Increase 2 points
21 Northern Ireland 517 N/A
22 Image Ireland 516 N/A
22 Image Croatia 516 N/A
22 Image Australia 516 Decrease 11 points
22 Image Serbia 516 N/A
26 Image Lithuania 515 Increase 1 point
27 Image Belgium (Flemish) 509 N/A
28 Image Romania 505 N/A
28 Image Spain 505 N/A
28 Image Poland 505 N/A
International average 500 Steady
31 Image New Zealand 497 Decrease 7 points
32 Image Kazakhstan 495 Decrease 38 points
33 Image Norway 494 Increase 17 points
34 Image Chile 480 N/A
35 Image Thailand 472 N/A
36 Image Turkey 463 N/A
37 Image Georgia 455 Increase 37 points
38 Image Iran 453 Increase 17 points
39 Image Bahrain 449 N/A
40 Image Malta 446 N/A
41 Image Azerbaijan 438 N/A
42 Image Saudi Arabia 429 N/A
43 Image United Arab Emirates 428 N/A
44 Image Armenia 416 Decrease 68 points
45 Image Qatar 394 Increase 100 points
46 Image Oman 377 N/A
47 Image Kuwait 347 Decrease 1 point
48 Image Tunisia 346 Increase 28 points
49 Image Morocco 264 Decrease 33 points
50 Image Yemen 209 Increase 12 points
Sixth grade participants
– Image Honduras[a] 432 N/A
– Image Botswana[a] 367 N/A
– Image Yemen[a] 345 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Florida Florida (United States) 545 N/A
– Alberta Alberta (Canada) 541 Decrease 2 points
– North Carolina North Carolina (United States) 538 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 528 Decrease 8 points
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 516 Decrease 1 point
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 461 Increase 1 point
– Emirate of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 411 N/A
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sixth grade students

TIMSS 2007

[edit]

In TIMSS 2007,[36] 43 educational systems participated in the fourth grade and 56 educational systems in the eighth grade.

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[37]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Chinese Taipei 598 Increase 13 points
2 Image South Korea 597 Increase 8 points
3 Image Singapore 593 Increase 12 points
4 Image Hong Kong 572 Decrease 14 points
5 Image Japan 570 Steady
6 Image Hungary 517 Decrease 12 points
7 Image England 513 N/A
8 Image Russia 512 Increase 4 points
9 Image United States 508 Increase 4 points
10 Image Lithuania 506 Increase 4 points
11 Image Czech Republic 504 N/A
12 Image Slovenia 501 Increase 8 points
International average 500 Increase 33 points
13 Image Armenia 499 Increase 21 points
14 Image Australia 496 Decrease 9 points
15 Image Sweden 491 Decrease 8 points
16 Image Malta 488 N/A
17 Image Scotland 487 Decrease 11 points
18 Image Serbia 486 Increase 9 points
19 Image Italy 480 Decrease 4 points
20 Image Malaysia 474 Decrease 34 points
21 Image Norway 469 Increase 8 points
22 Image Cyprus 465 Increase 6 points
23 Image Bulgaria 464 Decrease 12 points
24 Image Israel 463 Decrease 33 points
25 Image Ukraine 462 N/A
26 Image Romania 461 Decrease 14 points
27 Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 456 N/A
28 Image Lebanon 449 Increase 16 points
29 Image Thailand 441 N/A
30 Image Turkey 432 N/A
31 Image Jordan 427 Increase 3 points
32 Image Tunisia 420 Increase 10 points
33 Image Georgia 410 N/A
34 Image Iran 403 Decrease 8 points
35 Image Bahrain 398 Decrease 3 points
36 Image Indonesia 397 Decrease 14 points
37 Image Syria 395 N/A
38 Image Egypt 391 N/A
39 Image Algeria 387 N/A
40 Image Morocco 381 Decrease 6 points
41 Image Colombia 380 N/A
42 Image Oman 372 N/A
43 Image Palestine 367 Decrease 23 points
44 Image Botswana 364 Decrease 2 points
45 Image Kuwait 354 N/A
46 Image El Salvador 340 N/A
47 Image Saudi Arabia 329 Decrease 3 points
48 Image Ghana 309 Increase 33 points
49 Image Qatar 307 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Massachusetts Massachusetts (United States) 547 N/A
– Minnesota Minnesota (United States) 532 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 528 Decrease 15 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 517 Decrease 4 points
– British Columbia British Columbia (Canada) 509 N/A
– Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (Spain) 499 Increase 12 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 461 N/A
Science[38]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 567 Decrease 11 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 561 Decrease 10 points
3 Image Japan 554 Increase 2 points
4 Image South Korea 553 Decrease 5 points
5 Image England 542 N/A
6 Image Hungary 539 Decrease 4 points
6 Image Czech Republic 539 N/A
8 Image Slovenia 538 Increase 18 points
9 Image Hong Kong 530 Decrease 26 points
9 Image Russia 530 Increase 16 points
11 Image United States 520 Decrease 7 points
12 Image Lithuania 519 Steady
13 Image Australia 515 Decrease 12 points
14 Image Sweden 511 Decrease 13 points
International average 500 Increase 26 points
15 Image Scotland 496 Decrease 16 points
16 Image Italy 495 Increase 4 points
17 Image Armenia 488 Increase 27 points
18 Image Norway 487 Decrease 7 points
19 Image Ukraine 485 N/A
20 Image Jordan 482 Increase 7 points
21 Image Malaysia 471 Decrease 39 points
21 Image Thailand 471 N/A
23 Image Serbia 470 Increase 2 points
23 Image Bulgaria 470 Decrease 9 points
25 Image Israel 468 Decrease 20 points
26 Image Bahrain 467 Increase 29 points
27 Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 466 N/A
28 Image Romania 462 Decrease 8 points
29 Image Iran 459 Increase 6 points
30 Image Malta 457 N/A
31 Image Turkey 454 N/A
32 Image Syria 452 N/A
32 Image Cyprus 452 Increase 11 points
34 Image Tunisia 445 Increase 41 points
35 Image Indonesia 427 Increase 7 points
36 Image Oman 423 N/A
37 Image Georgia 421 N/A
38 Image Kuwait 418 N/A
39 Image Colombia 417 N/A
40 Image Lebanon 414 Increase 21 points
41 Image Egypt 408 N/A
41 Image Algeria 408 N/A
43 Image Palestine 404 Decrease 31 points
44 Image Saudi Arabia 403 Increase 5 points
45 Image Morocco 402 Increase 6 points
46 Image El Salvador 387 N/A
47 Image Botswana 355 Decrease 10 points
48 Image Qatar 319 N/A
49 Image Ghana 303 Increase 48 points
Benchmarking participants
– Massachusetts Massachusetts (United States) 556 N/A
– Minnesota Minnesota (United States) 539 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 526 Decrease 5 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 526 Decrease 7 points
– British Columbia British Columbia (Canada) 507 N/A
– Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (Spain) 498 Increase 9 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 489 N/A

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[37]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Hong Kong 607 Increase 32 points
2 Image Singapore 599 Increase 5 points
3 Image Chinese Taipei 576 Increase 12 points
4 Image Japan 568 Increase 3 points
5 Image Kazakhstan 549 N/A
6 Image Russia 544 Increase 12 points
7 Image England 541 Increase 10 points
8 Image Latvia 537 Increase 1 point
9 Image Netherlands 535 Decrease 5 points
10 Image Lithuania 530 Decrease 4 points
11 Image United States 529 Increase 11 points
12 Image Germany 525 N/A
13 Image Denmark 523 N/A
14 Image Australia 516 Increase 17 points
15 Image Hungary 510 Decrease 19 points
16 Image Italy 507 Increase 4 points
17 Image Austria 505 N/A
18 Image Sweden 503 N/A
19 Image Slovenia 502 Increase 23 points
International average 500 Increase 5 points
20 Image Armenia 500 Decrease 44 points
21 Image Slovakia 496 N/A
22 Image Scotland 494 Increase 4 points
23 Image New Zealand 492 Decrease 1 point
24 Image Czech Republic 486 N/A
25 Image Norway 473 Increase 22 points
26 Image Ukraine 469 N/A
27 Image Georgia 438 N/A
28 Image Iran 402 Increase 13 points
29 Image Algeria 378 N/A
30 Image Colombia 355 N/A
31 Image Morocco 341 Decrease 6 points
32 Image El Salvador 330 N/A
33 Image Tunisia 327 Decrease 12 points
34 Image Kuwait 316 N/A
35 Image Qatar 296 N/A
36 Image Yemen 224 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Massachusetts Massachusetts (United States) 572 N/A
– Minnesota Minnesota (United States) 554 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 519 Increase 13 points
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 512 Increase 1 point
– Alberta Alberta (Canada) 505 N/A
– British Columbia British Columbia (Canada) 505 N/A
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 444 N/A
Science[38]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 587 Increase 22 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 557 Increase 6 points
3 Image Hong Kong 554 Increase 12 points
4 Image Japan 548 Increase 5 points
5 Image Russia 546 Increase 20 points
6 Image Latvia 542 Increase 10 points
6 Image England 542 Increase 2 points
8 Image United States 539 Increase 3 points
9 Image Hungary 536 Increase 6 points
10 Image Italy 535 Increase 19 points
11 Image Kazakhstan 533 N/A
12 Image Germany 528 N/A
13 Image Australia 527 Increase 6 points
14 Image Slovakia 526 N/A
14 Image Austria 526 N/A
16 Image Sweden 525 N/A
17 Image Netherlands 523 Decrease 2 points
18 Image Slovenia 518 Increase 28 points
19 Image Denmark 517 N/A
20 Image Czech Republic 515 N/A
21 Image Lithuania 514 Increase 2 points
22 Image New Zealand 504 Decrease 16 points
23 Image Scotland 500 Decrease 2 points
International average 500 Increase 11 points
24 Image Armenia 484 Increase 47 points
25 Image Norway 477 Increase 11 points
26 Image Ukraine 474 N/A
27 Image Iran 436 Increase 22 points
28 Image Georgia 418 N/A
29 Image Colombia 400 N/A
30 Image El Salvador 390 N/A
31 Image Algeria 354 N/A
32 Image Kuwait 348 N/A
33 Image Tunisia 318 Increase 4 points
34 Image Morocco 297 Increase 7 points
35 Image Qatar 294 N/A
36 Image Yemen 197 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Massachusetts Massachusetts (United States) 571 N/A
– Minnesota Minnesota (United States) 551 N/A
– Alberta Alberta (Canada) 543 N/A
– British Columbia British Columbia (Canada) 537 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 536 Decrease 4 points
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 517 Increase 17 points
– Emirate of Dubai Dubai (United Arab Emirates) 460 N/A

TIMSS 2003

[edit]

In TIMSS 2003,[39] there were 26 educational systems for the fourth grade and 48 for the eighth grade.[40]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[41]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 605 Increase 1 point
2 Image South Korea 589 Increase 2 points
3 Image Hong Kong 586 Increase 4 points
4 Image Chinese Taipei 585 Steady
5 Image Japan 570 Decrease 9 points
6 Image Belgium (Flemish) 537 Decrease 21 points
7 Image Netherlands 536 Decrease 4 points
8 Image Estonia 531 N/A
9 Image Hungary 529 Decrease 3 points
10 Image Malaysia 508 Decrease 11 points
10 Image Latvia 508 N/A
10 Image Russia 508 Decrease 18 points
10 Image Slovakia 508 Decrease 26 points
14 Image Australia 505 Decrease 20 points
15 Image United States 504 Increase 2 points
16 Image Lithuania 502 Increase 20 points
17 Image Sweden 499 N/A
18 Image Scotland 498 N/A
19 Image Israel 496 Increase 30 points
20 Image New Zealand 494 Increase 3 points
21 Image Slovenia 493 Decrease 37 points
22 Image Italy 484 Increase 5 points
23 Image Armenia 478 N/A
24 Image Serbia 477 N/A
25 Image Bulgaria 476 Decrease 35 points
26 Image Romania 475 Increase 3 points
International average 467 Decrease 20 points
27 Image Norway 461 N/A
28 Image Moldova 460 Increase 9 points
29 Image Cyprus 459 Decrease 17 points
30 Image Republic of Macedonia 435 Decrease 12 points
31 Image Lebanon 433 N/A
32 Image Jordan 424 Decrease 4 points
33 Image Iran 411 Decrease 11 points
33 Image Indonesia 411 Increase 8 points
35 Image Tunisia 410 Decrease 38 points
36 Image Egypt 406 N/A
37 Image Bahrain 401 N/A
38 Image Palestine 390 N/A
39 Image Chile 387 Decrease 5 points
39 Image Morocco 387 Increase 50 points
41 Image Philippines 376 Increase 31 points
42 Image Botswana 366 N/A
43 Image Saudi Arabia 332 N/A
44 Image Ghana 276 N/A
45 Image South Africa 264 Decrease 11 points
Ninth grade participants
– Image England[a] 498 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 543 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 521 N/A
– Indiana Indiana (United States) 508 N/A
– Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (Spain) 487 N/A
Science[42]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 578 Increase 10 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 571 Increase 2 points
3 Image South Korea 558 Increase 9 points
4 Image Hong Kong 556 Increase 26 points
5 Image Estonia 552 N/A
5 Image Japan 552 Increase 2 points
7 Image Hungary 543 Decrease 9 points
8 Image Netherlands 536 Decrease 9 points
9 Image United States 527 Increase 12 points
9 Image Australia 527 Decrease 13 points
11 Image Sweden 524 N/A
12 Image Slovenia 520 Decrease 13 points
12 Image New Zealand 520 Increase 10 points
14 Image Lithuania 519 Increase 31 points
15 Image Slovakia 517 Decrease 18 points
16 Image Belgium (Flemish) 516 Decrease 19 points
17 Image Russia 514 Decrease 15 points
18 Image Latvia 512 N/A
18 Image Scotland 512 N/A
20 Image Malaysia 510 Increase 18 points
21 Image Norway 494 N/A
22 Image Italy 491 Decrease 2 points
23 Image Israel 488 Increase 20 points
24 Image Bulgaria 479 Decrease 39 points
25 Image Jordan 475 Increase 25 points
International average 474 Decrease 14 points
26 Image Moldova 472 Increase 13 points
27 Image Romania 470 Decrease 2 points
28 Image Serbia 468 N/A
29 Image Armenia 461 N/A
30 Image Iran 453 Increase 5 points
31 Image Republic of Macedonia 449 Decrease 9 points
32 Image Cyprus 441 Decrease 19 points
33 Image Bahrain 438 N/A
34 Image Palestine 435 N/A
35 Image Egypt 421 N/A
36 Image Indonesia 420 Decrease 15 points
37 Image Chile 413 Decrease 7 points
38 Image Tunisia 404 Decrease 26 points
39 Image Saudi Arabia 398 N/A
40 Image Morocco 396 Increase 73 points
41 Image Lebanon 393 N/A
42 Image Philippines 377 Increase 32 points
43 Image Botswana 365 N/A
44 Image Ghana 255 N/A
45 Image South Africa 244 Increase 1 point
Ninth grade participants
– Image England[a] 544 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 533 N/A
– Indiana Indiana (United States) 531 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 531 N/A
– Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (Spain) 489 N/A
  1. 1 2 Ninth grade students

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[41]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 8 years
1 Image Singapore 594 Decrease 31 points
2 Image Hong Kong 575 Decrease 12 points
3 Image Japan 565 Decrease 32 points
4 Image Chinese Taipei 564 N/A
5 Image Belgium (Flemish) 551 N/A
6 Image Netherlands 540 Decrease 37 points
7 Image Latvia 536 N/A
8 Image Lithuania 534 N/A
9 Image Russia 532 N/A
10 Image England 531 Increase 18 points
11 Image Hungary 529 Decrease 19 points
12 Image United States 518 Decrease 27 points
13 Image Cyprus 510 Increase 8 points
14 Image Moldova 504 N/A
15 Image Italy 503 N/A
16 Image Australia 499 Decrease 47 points
International average 495 Decrease 34 points
17 Image New Zealand 493 Decrease 6 points
18 Image Scotland 490 Decrease 30 points
19 Image Slovenia 479 Decrease 73 points
20 Image Armenia 456 N/A
21 Image Norway 451 Decrease 51 points
22 Image Iran 389 Decrease 40 points
23 Image Philippines 358 N/A
24 Image Morocco 347 N/A
25 Image Tunisia 339 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Indiana Indiana (United States) 533 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 511 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 506 N/A
Science[42]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 8 years
1 Image Singapore 565 Increase 18 points
2 Image Chinese Taipei 551 N/A
3 Image Japan 543 Decrease 31 points
4 Image Hong Kong 542 Increase 9 points
5 Image England 540 Decrease 11 points
6 Image United States 536 Decrease 29 points
7 Image Latvia 532 N/A
8 Image Hungary 530 Decrease 2 points
9 Image Russia 526 N/A
10 Image Netherlands 525 Decrease 28 points
11 Image Australia 521 Decrease 41 points
12 Image New Zealand 520 Decrease 11 points
13 Image Belgium (Flemish) 518 N/A
14 Image Italy 516 N/A
15 Image Lithuania 512 N/A
16 Image Scotland 502 Decrease 34 points
17 Image Moldova 496 N/A
18 Image Slovenia 490 Decrease 56 points
International average 489 Decrease 35 points
19 Image Cyprus 480 Increase 5 points
20 Image Norway 466 Decrease 64 points
21 Image Armenia 437 N/A
22 Image Iran 414 Decrease 2 points
23 Image Philippines 332 N/A
24 Image Tunisia 314 N/A
25 Image Morocco 304 N/A
Benchmarking participants
– Indiana Indiana (United States) 553 N/A
– Ontario Ontario (Canada) 540 N/A
– Quebec Quebec (Canada) 500 N/A

TIMSS 1999

[edit]

In 1999,[43] TIMSS only focused on the eighth grade in 38 educational systems; there was no study done for the fourth grade in that year.[44]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[45]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Singapore 604 Decrease 39 points
2 Image South Korea 587 Decrease 20 points
3 Image Chinese Taipei 585 N/A
4 Image Hong Kong 582 Decrease 6 points
5 Image Japan 579 Decrease 26 points
6 Image Belgium (Flemish) 558 Decrease 7 points
7 Image Netherlands 540 Decrease 1 point
8 Image Slovakia 534 Decrease 13 points
9 Image Hungary 532 Decrease 5 points
10 Image Canada 531 Increase 4 points
11 Image Slovenia 530 Decrease 11 points
12 Image Russia 526 Decrease 9 points
13 Image Australia 525 Decrease 5 points
14 Image Finland 520 N/A
14 Image Czech Republic 520 Decrease 44 points
16 Image Malaysia 519 N/A
17 Image Bulgaria 511 Decrease 29 points
18 Image Latvia (Latvian) 505 Increase 12 points
19 Image United States 502 Increase 2 points
20 Image England 496 Decrease 10 points
21 Image New Zealand 491 Decrease 17 points
International average 487 Decrease 26 points
22 Image Lithuania 482 Increase 5 points
23 Image Italy 479 N/A
24 Image Cyprus 476 Increase 2 points
25 Image Romania 472 Decrease 10 points
26 Image Moldova 469 N/A
27 Image Thailand 467 Decrease 55 points
28 Image Israel 466 Decrease 56 points
29 Image Tunisia 448 N/A
30 Image Republic of Macedonia 447 N/A
31 Image Turkey 429 N/A
32 Image Jordan 428 N/A
33 Image Iran 422 Decrease 6 points
34 Image Indonesia 403 N/A
35 Image Chile 392 N/A
36 Image Philippines 345 N/A
37 Image Morocco 337 N/A
38 Image South Africa 275 Decrease 79 points
Science[46]
Rank Country Average
scale score		 Change
over 4 years
1 Image Chinese Taipei 569 N/A
2 Image Singapore 568 Decrease 39 points
3 Image Hungary 552 Decrease 2 points
4 Image Japan 550 Decrease 21 points
5 Image South Korea 549 Decrease 16 points
6 Image Netherlands 545 Decrease 15 points
7 Image Australia 540 Decrease 5 points
8 Image Czech Republic 539 Decrease 35 points
9 Image England 538 Decrease 14 points
10 Image Finland 535 N/A
10 Image Slovakia 535 Decrease 9 points
10 Image Belgium (Flemish) 535 Decrease 15 points
13 Image Slovenia 533 Decrease 27 points
13 Image Canada 533 Increase 2 points
15 Image Hong Kong 530 Increase 8 points
16 Image Russia 529 Decrease 9 points
17 Image Bulgaria 518 Decrease 47 points
18 Image United States 515 Decrease 19 points
19 Image New Zealand 510 Decrease 15 points
20 Image Latvia (Latvian) 503 Increase 18 points
21 Image Italy 493 N/A
22 Image Malaysia 492 N/A
23 Image Lithuania 488 Increase 12 points
International average 488 Decrease 28 points
24 Image Thailand 482 Decrease 43 points
25 Image Romania 472 Decrease 14 points
26 Image Israel 468 Decrease 56 points
27 Image Cyprus 460 Decrease 3 points
28 Image Moldova 459 N/A
29 Image Republic of Macedonia 458 N/A
30 Image Jordan 450 N/A
31 Image Iran 448 Decrease 22 points
32 Image Indonesia 435 N/A
33 Image Turkey 433 N/A
34 Image Tunisia 430 N/A
35 Image Chile 420 N/A
36 Image Philippines 345 N/A
37 Image Morocco 323 N/A
38 Image South Africa 243 Decrease 83 points

TIMSS 1995

[edit]

In TIMSS 1995,[47] there were 41 educational systems in five grades (third, fourth, seventh, eighth, and the final year of secondary school).[6]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[48]
Rank Country Average
scale score
1 Image Singapore 643
2 Image South Korea 607
3 Image Japan 605
4 Image Hong Kong 588
5 Image Belgium (Flemish) 565
6 Image Czech Republic 564
7 Image Slovakia 547
8 Image  Switzerland 545
9 Image Netherlands 541
9 Image Slovenia 541
11 Image Bulgaria 540
12 Image Austria 539
13 Image France 538
14 Image Hungary 537
15 Image Russia 535
16 Image Australia 530
17 Image Ireland 527
17 Image Canada 527
19 Image Belgium (French) 526
20 Image Thailand 522
20 Image Israel 522
22 Image Sweden 519
International average 513
23 Image Germany 509
24 Image New Zealand 508
25 Image England 506
26 Image Norway 503
27 Image Denmark 502
28 Image United States 500
29 Image Scotland 498
30 Image Latvia (Latvian) 493
31 Image Spain 487
31 Image Iceland 487
33 Image Greece 484
34 Image Romania 482
35 Image Lithuania 477
36 Image Cyprus 474
37 Image Portugal 454
38 Image Iran 428
39 Image Kuwait 392
40 Image Colombia 385
41 Image South Africa 354
Science[49]
Rank Country Average
scale score
1 Image Singapore 607
2 Image Czech Republic 574
3 Image Japan 571
4 Image South Korea 565
4 Image Bulgaria 565
6 Image Netherlands 560
6 Image Slovenia 560
8 Image Austria 558
9 Image Hungary 554
10 Image England 552
11 Image Belgium (Flemish) 550
12 Image Australia 545
13 Image Slovakia 544
14 Image Russia 538
14 Image Ireland 538
16 Image Sweden 535
17 Image United States 534
18 Image Germany 531
18 Image Canada 531
20 Image Norway 527
21 Image New Zealand 525
21 Image Thailand 525
23 Image Israel 524
24 Image Hong Kong 522
24 Image  Switzerland 522
26 Image Scotland 517
26 Image Spain 517
International average 516
28 Image France 498
29 Image Greece 497
30 Image Iceland 494
31 Image Romania 486
32 Image Latvia (Latvian) 485
33 Image Portugal 480
34 Image Denmark 478
35 Image Lithuania 476
36 Image Belgium (French) 471
37 Image Iran 470
38 Image Cyprus 463
39 Image Kuwait 430
40 Image Colombia 411
41 Image South Africa 326

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics[50]
Rank Country Average
scale score
1 Image Singapore 625
2 Image South Korea 611
3 Image Japan 597
4 Image Hong Kong 587
5 Image Netherlands 577
6 Image Czech Republic 567
7 Image Austria 559
8 Image Slovenia 552
9 Image Ireland 550
10 Image Hungary 548
11 Image Australia 546
12 Image United States 545
13 Image Canada 532
14 Image Israel 531
International average 529
15 Image Latvia (Latvian) 525
16 Image Scotland 520
17 Image England 513
18 Image Cyprus 502
18 Image Norway 502
20 Image New Zealand 499
21 Image Greece 492
22 Image Thailand 490
23 Image Portugal 475
24 Image Iceland 474
25 Image Iran 429
26 Image Kuwait 400
Science[51]
Rank Country Average
scale score
1 Image South Korea 597
2 Image Japan 574
3 Image United States 565
3 Image Austria 565
5 Image Australia 562
6 Image Netherlands 557
6 Image Czech Republic 557
8 Image England 551
9 Image Canada 549
10 Image Singapore 547
11 Image Slovenia 546
12 Image Ireland 539
13 Image Scotland 536
14 Image Hong Kong 533
15 Image Hungary 532
16 Image New Zealand 531
International average 524
17 Image Norway 530
18 Image Latvia (Latvian) 512
19 Image Israel 505
19 Image Iceland 505
21 Image Greece 497
22 Image Portugal 480
23 Image Cyprus 475
24 Image Thailand 473
25 Image Iran 416
26 Image Kuwait 401

Additional initiatives

[edit]

The TIMSS 1999 Video Study[52] was a study of eighth-grade mathematics and science teaching in seven countries. The study involved videotaping and analyzing teaching practices in more than one thousand classrooms. In conjunction with the IEA, the study was conducted by the US National Center for Education Statistics, and the US Department of Education under a contract with LessonLab, Inc. of Los Angeles, California.

Cooperative partners

[edit]

TIMSS depends on the collaboration of a large number of individuals and organizations around the world including the TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center at Boston College, IEA's offices in Amsterdam and Hamburg, Statistics Canada, and Educational Testing Service (ETS). In the United States, TIMSS is conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics of the US Department of Education. Data for US students is further tracked for ethnic and racial groups. TIMSS is mainly funded by the participating countries. Also, the US National Center for Education Statistics of the US Department of Education and the World Bank provide major support funding for the assessments.[6]

United States results by race and ethnicity

[edit]

Eighth grade

[edit]
Mathematics
Race 2023[53] 2019[54] 2015[55] 2011[56] 2007[57] 2003[58] 1999[58] 1995[58]
Score Score Score Score Score Score Score
Asian 580 591 585 568 549 — — —
White 516 548 541 530 533 525 525 516
Multiracial 495 540 521 513 506 — — —
US Average 488 515 518 509 508 504 502 500
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander — 495 — — — — —
Hispanic 456 486 492 485 475 465 457 443
American Indian/Alaska Native 483 477 — — — — —
Black 443 445 462 465 457 448 444 419
Science
Race 2023[53] 2019[53] 2015[59] 2011[56] 2007[57] 2003[58] 1999[58] 1995[58]
Score Score Score Score Score Score Score
Asian 584 577 573 556 543 — — —
White 545 543 559 557 553 551 552 547 544
Multiracial 526 542 547 536 534 522 — — —
US Average 513 517 522 530 525 520 527 515 534
Hispanic 482 491 493 502 493 480 482 462 446
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 498 — — — — —
American Indian/Alaska Native 481 497 — — — — —
Black 466 445 469 470 455 463 438 422

Fourth grade

[edit]
Mathematics
Race 2019[53] 2015[60] 2011[56] 2007[57] 2003[58] 1995[58]
Score Score Score Score Score Score
Asian 586 605 583 582 — —
White 559 559 559 550 542 541
Multiracial 554 565 554 534 — —
US Average 535 539 541 529 518 545
American Indian/Alaska Native 515 527 — — — —
Hispanic 508 515 520 504 492 493
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 500 502 — — — —
Black 494 495 489 482 472 457
Science
Race 2019[53] 2015[61] 2011[56] 2007[57] 2003[58] 1995[58]
Score Score Score Score Score Score
Asian 581 598 570 573 — —
White 565 570 568 567 565 572
Multiracial 561 571 559 550 — —
US Average 539 546 544 539 536 565
American Indian/Alaska Native 519 530 — — — —
Hispanic 508 518 517 502 498 503
Black 497 501 490 488 487 462
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 495 503 — — — —

All average country scores

[edit]
  • TIMSS 1995: 4th grade ; 8th grade
  • TIMSS 1999: 8th grade
  • TIMSS 2003: 4th grade ; 8th grade
  • TIMSS 2007: 4th and 8th grades
  • TIMSS 2011: 4th grade ; 8th grade
  • TIMSS 2015: 4th and 8th grades
  • TIMSS 2019:

TIMSS and other international math and science studies

[edit]

Hanushek and Woessmann[62] developed a methodology to rescale 14 different international comparisons of math and/or science achievement to make them comparable. This includes the FIMS, FISS, and PISA, mentioned above, with TIMSS.

This methodology is disputed amongst experts. Quantitative methods used in educational and psychological measurement disagree with the approach as it is basically only a linear scale transformation that cannot ensure or examine whether PISA and TIMSS scores are based on the same or at least comparable measurement constructs: The numerical values used to measure shoe size and intelligence can be transformed so that both have the same arithmetic mean and standard deviation, but they still represent two very different characteristics. The equivalency of what is being measured needs to be established in linking studies that utilize well-designed joint data collections such as the TIMSS NAEP link,[63] or IEA's Rosetta Stone.[64]

Wu (2003, 2010)[65] has shown that TIMSS and PISA do not produce exchangeable scores. One reason may be reading load even for mathematics and science items. TIMSS questions focus on the mathematics curricula taught around the world as seen in TIMSS example items,[66] while PISA attempts to assess mathematics embedded in descriptions of situations encountered outside of the classroom, see PISA examples.[67]

Participating countries

[edit]
Country Years
Image Albania 2019, 2023
Image Algeria 2007
Image Argentina 2015[a]
Image Armenia 2003, 2007, 2011, 2019, 2023
Image Australia 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Austria 1995, 2007, 2011, 2019, 2023
Image Azerbaijan 2011, 2019, 2023
Image Bahrain 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Belgium 1995,[b] 1999,[c] 2003,[c] 2011,[c] 2015,[c] 2019,[c] 2023[b]
Image Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007, 2019, 2023
Image Botswana 2003, 2007, 2011,[d] 2015[e]
Image Brazil 2023
Image Bulgaria 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Canada 1995, 1999, 2003,[f] 2007,[g] 2011,[h] 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Chile 1999, 2003, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Chinese Taipei 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Colombia 1995, 2007
Image Croatia 2011, 2015, 2019
Image Cyprus 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Czech Republic 1995, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Denmark 1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Egypt 2003, 2007, 2015
Image El Salvador 2007
Image England 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Estonia 2003
Image Finland 1999, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image France 1995, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Georgia 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Germany 1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Ghana 2003, 2007, 2011
Image Greece 1995
Image Honduras 2011[d]
Image Hong Kong 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Hungary 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Iceland 1995
Image Indonesia 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015
Image Iran 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Iraq 2023[i]
Image Ireland 1995, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Israel 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Image Italy 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Ivory Coast 2023
Image Japan 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Jordan 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Image Kazakhstan 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Kosovo 2019, 2023
Image Kuwait 1995, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Latvia 1995,[j] 1999,[j] 2003, 2007, 2019, 2023
Image Lebanon 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015
Image Lithuania 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Macau 2023
Image Malaysia 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Image Malta 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Moldova 1999, 2003
Image Montenegro 2019, 2023
Image Morocco 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Netherlands 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image New Zealand 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image North Macedonia 1999, 2003, 2011, 2019, 2023
 Northern Ireland 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Norway 1995, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019,[k] 2023
Image Oman 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Pakistan 2019
Image Palestine 2003, 2007, 2011, 2023
Image Philippines 1999, 2003, 2019
Image Poland 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Portugal 1995, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Qatar 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Romania 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2023
Image Russia 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019
Image Saudi Arabia 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Scotland 1995, 2003, 2007
Image Serbia 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Singapore 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Slovakia 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Slovenia 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Image South Africa 1995, 1999, 2003, 2011,[e] 2015,[k] 2019,[k] 2023
Image South Korea 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Spain 1995, 2003,[l] 2007,[l] 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Sweden 1995, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2023
Image  Switzerland 1995
Image Syria 2007, 2011
Image Thailand 1995, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015
Image Tunisia 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011
Image Turkey 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Ukraine 2007, 2011
Image United Arab Emirates 2007,[m] 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image United States 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023
Image Uzbekistan 2023
Image Yemen 2007, 2011
  1. ↑ as Buenos Aires (benchmarking only)
  2. 1 2 French and Flemish separated
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Flemish only
  4. 1 2 6th and 9th grade only
  5. 1 2 9th grade only
  6. ↑ as Ontario and Quebec (benchmarking only)
  7. ↑ as Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec (benchmarking only)
  8. ↑ as Alberta, Ontario and Quebec (benchmarking only)
  9. ↑ represented by Kurdistan Region
  10. 1 2 in Latvian
  11. 1 2 3 5th and 9th grade only
  12. 1 2 as Basque Country (benchmarking only)
  13. ↑ as Dubai (benchmarking only)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ "TIMSS and PIRLS Home". timssandpirls.bc.edu. Archived from the original on Feb 6, 2024.
  2. ↑ "About TIMSS 2023". TIMSS International Study Center. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  3. ↑ "TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center". Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  4. ↑ Hanushek and Woessmann (2015, Table 2.1, p. 18).
  5. ↑ "TIMSS 2015 and TIMSS Advanced 2015 International Results". TIMSS International Study Center. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "TIMSS 2011 Participating Countries". Retrieved 21 Nov 2016.
  7. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 International Results in Mathematics and Science". Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  8. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 Assessment Frameworks". TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  9. ↑ "Pursuing Excellence: Comparisons of International Eighth-Grade Mathematics and Science Achievement from a U.S. Perspective, 1995 and 1999" (PDF). U.S. Department of Education. December 2000. p. 2. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  10. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 International Reports – TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center at Boston College".
  11. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 Encyclopedia".
  12. ↑ "Methods and Procedures in TIMSS 2019".
  13. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 International Database".
  14. ↑ "Tools | IEA.nl". www.iea.nl.
  15. ↑ "Data Visualizer".
  16. ↑ "TIMSS 2027 Assessment Frameworks Released | IEA.nl". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  17. ↑ "The TIMSS 2027 Assessment Frameworks publication is now available on the TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center website".
  18. ↑ "ED Comments on TIMSS 2027 Questionnaire". worktraining.com. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  19. ↑ "TIMSS 2023 Assessment Frameworks". www.timssandpirls.bc.edu. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  20. 1 2 "TIMSS 2023 Encyclopedia: Education Policy and Curriculum in Mathematics and Science". www.timssandpirls.bc.edu. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  21. ↑ "TIMSS 2023 International Results in Mathematics and Science". www.timssandpirls.bc.edu. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  22. ↑ "International assessments in education: what difference do they really make?". www.pearson.com. 2024-12-13. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  23. ↑ "TIMSS 2023 Mathematics Grade 8". timss2023.org. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  24. ↑ "TIMSS 2023 Science Grade 8". timss2023.org. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
  25. 1 2 "TIMSS 2019 Mathematics Grade 4". timss2019.org. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  26. 1 2 "TIMSS 2019 Science Grade 4". timss2019.org. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  27. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 Mathematics Grade 8". timss2019.org. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  28. ↑ "TIMSS 2019 Science Grade 8". timss2019.org. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  29. ↑ "TIMSS 2015 - IEA". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  30. ↑ "About TIMSS 2015 – TIMSS 2015 and TIMSS Advanced 2015 International Results". timssandpirls.bc.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  31. 1 2 "Distribution of Mathematics Achievement – TIMSS 2015 and TIMSS Advanced 2015 International Results". Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  32. 1 2 "Distribution of Science Achievement – TIMSS 2015 and TIMSS Advanced 2015 International Results". Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  33. ↑ "TIMSS 2011 - IEA". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  34. 1 2 "TIMSS 2011 Mathematics" (PDF).
  35. 1 2 "TIMSS 2011 Science" (PDF).
  36. ↑ "TIMSS 2007 - IEA". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  37. 1 2 "TIMSS 2007 Mathematics" (PDF).
  38. 1 2 "TIMSS 2007 Science" (PDF).
  39. ↑ "TIMSS 2003 - IEA". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  40. ↑ center, international study. "TIMSS 2003 Countries Participating". timssandpirls.bc.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  41. 1 2 "TIMSS 2003 Mathematics" (PDF).
  42. 1 2 "TIMSS 2003 Science" (PDF).
  43. ↑ "TIMSS 1999 - IEA". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  44. ↑ "TIMSS 1999 Participants". timssandpirls.bc.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  45. ↑ "TIMSS 1999 Mathematics" (PDF).
  46. ↑ "TIMSS 1999 Science" (PDF).
  47. ↑ "TIMSS 1995 - IEA". www.iea.nl. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  48. ↑ "TIMSS 1995 Mathematics (8th grade)" (PDF).
  49. ↑ "TIMSS 1995 Science (8th grade)" (PDF).
  50. ↑ "TIMSS 1995 Mathematics (4th grade)" (PDF).
  51. ↑ "TIMSS 1995 Science (4th grade)" (PDF).
  52. ↑ "TIMSSVIDEO".
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 "Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-02.
  54. ↑ "Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  55. ↑ "TIMSS - Mathematics for Grades 4 and 8: Student Race/Ethnicity and School Poverty". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  56. 1 2 3 4 "Highlights From TIMSS 2011: Mathematics and Science Achievement of U.S. Fourth- and Eighth-Grade Students in an International Context" (PDF).
  57. 1 2 3 4 "Highlights From TIMSS 2007: Mathematics and Science Achievement of U.S. Fourth- and Eighth-Grade Students in an International Context" (PDF).
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Highlights From the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study: TIMSS 2003" (PDF).
  59. ↑ "TIMSS - Science for Grades 4 and 8: Student Race/Ethnicity and School Poverty". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  60. ↑ "TIMSS - Mathematics for Grades 4 and 8: Student Race/Ethnicity and School Poverty". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  61. ↑ "TIMSS - Science for Grades 4 and 8: Student Race/Ethnicity and School Poverty". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  62. ↑ Hanushek and Woessman (2015, esp. Table 2.1 and Appendix 2A, pp. 18, 29-37)
  63. ↑ "Methodology Studies - Linking NAEP and TIMSS Study | NAEP".
  64. ↑ "IEA Rosetta Stone project moves ahead | IEA.nl".
  65. ↑ Wu, M. (2010), "Comparing the Similarities and Differences of PISA 2003 and TIMSS", OECD Education Working Papers, No. 32, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/5km4psnm13nx-en.
  66. ↑ "TIMSS USA Grade 8 Released Mathematics Items" (PDF). International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. 2013. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
  67. ↑ "PISA Released Items – Mathematics" (PDF). OECD. December 2006. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

References

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  • Hanushek, Eric A.; Woessmann, Ludger (2015), The knowledge capital of nations, CESifo, ISBN 978-0-262-02917-9.
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