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sad

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sad"
Languages (21)
Translingual • English
Azerbaijani • Cebuano • Czech • Danish • Gothic • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Old Saxon • Polish • Romanian • Scots • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Tat • Turkish • Wakhi • Welsh
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Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation of English Sandawe.

Symbol

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sad

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sandawe.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary”), from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Cognate to Saterland Frisian sääd, West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German Low German satt, German satt.

The interjection sense is a reference to frequent usage of the word as an interjection in the tweets of Donald Trump, American businessman and politician (born 1946), President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)); a Trumpism.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

  1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
    1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
      Synonyms: depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy; see also Thesaurus:sad
      Antonyms: cheerful, gleeful, happy, upbeat; see also Thesaurus:happy
      She gets sad when he's away.
    2. Appearing sorrowful.
      The puppy had a sad little face.
      • 2010 February, Eric Rentschler, Itoh's Ghost‎[1], iUniverse, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 54:
        We need a sad man. Give us a sad man.” Tomo gave the look of a sad man, then followed with the body of a sad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin. […]
    3. Causing sorrow; lamentable.
      Synonyms: deplorable, saddening; see also Thesaurus:lamentable
      It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.
      • 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse:
        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.
      • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.
    4. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
      Synonyms: pitiful, sorry; see also Thesaurus:low-quality
      Antonym: decent
      That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.
      • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto II, stanza CXXVII, page 182:
        Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please […].
      • 2025 July 16, Luis Prada, “Elon Musk’s Grok AI Now Includes a Pornographic Waifu Chatbot”, in Vice‎[2]:
        Musk is betting that lonely users will trade their cash (and last shreds of their connection to human life) for a bot that is explicitly designed to flirt with sad men, as the saddest man on Earth spearheaded it.
    5. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dim, Thesaurus:dark colour
      • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 2nd book, page 69:
        […] this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of a ſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.
      • 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson:
        sad-coloured clothes
      • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:
        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.
  2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
  3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
  4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
    Synonyms: staid, stern; see also Thesaurus:serious
  5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
    Synonyms: mischievous, roguish, vexatious
    • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:
      Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was a sad coquette.
    • 1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy […], →OCLC, section IX, page 227:
      In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.
  6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.
    I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!
    You’d have to be really sad to wear a shirt like that.
  7. (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
  8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
    sad bread
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Further reading
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Verb

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sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
    • 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia
      My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

Interjection

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sad

  1. (Internet slang, sometimes humorous) Expressing contempt, ridicule or disgust; bah!

Etymology 2

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Noun

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sad (plural sads)

  1. Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”).

Anagrams

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Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

Noun

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sad (definite accusative sadı, plural sadlar)

  1. the Arabic letter ص

Declension

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Declension of sad
singular plural
nominative sadsadlar
definite accusative sadısadları
dative sadasadlara
locative saddasadlarda
ablative saddansadlardan
definite genitive sadınsadların
Possessive forms of sad
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sadım sadlarım
sənin (“your”) sadın sadların
onun (“his/her/its”) sadı sadları
bizim (“our”) sadımız sadlarımız
sizin (“your”) sadınız sadlarınız
onların (“their”) sadı or sadları sadları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sadımı sadlarımı
sənin (“your”) sadını sadlarını
onun (“his/her/its”) sadını sadlarını
bizim (“our”) sadımızı sadlarımızı
sizin (“your”) sadınızı sadlarınızı
onların (“their”) sadını or sadlarını sadlarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sadıma sadlarıma
sənin (“your”) sadına sadlarına
onun (“his/her/its”) sadına sadlarına
bizim (“our”) sadımıza sadlarımıza
sizin (“your”) sadınıza sadlarınıza
onların (“their”) sadına or sadlarına sadlarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sadımda sadlarımda
sənin (“your”) sadında sadlarında
onun (“his/her/its”) sadında sadlarında
bizim (“our”) sadımızda sadlarımızda
sizin (“your”) sadınızda sadlarınızda
onların (“their”) sadında or sadlarında sadlarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sadımdan sadlarımdan
sənin (“your”) sadından sadlarından
onun (“his/her/its”) sadından sadlarından
bizim (“our”) sadımızdan sadlarımızdan
sizin (“your”) sadınızdan sadlarınızdan
onların (“their”) sadından or sadlarından sadlarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) sadımın sadlarımın
sənin (“your”) sadının sadlarının
onun (“his/her/its”) sadının sadlarının
bizim (“our”) sadımızın sadlarımızın
sizin (“your”) sadınızın sadlarınızın
onların (“their”) sadının or sadlarının sadlarının

Further reading

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  • “sad” in Obastan.com.

Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: sad

Adverb

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sad

  1. (focus) also; too
  2. (after a negative) either

Czech

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Image
sad
Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Czech sad, from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Noun

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sad m inan (diminutive sádek)

  1. orchard
Declension
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Declension of sad (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative sad sady
genitive sadu sadů
dative sadu sadům
accusative sad sady
vocative sade sady
locative sadu, sadě sadech
instrumental sadem sady
Derived terms
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adjectives
nouns

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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sad

  1. genitive plural of sada

Further reading

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Danish

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Verb

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sad

  1. past of sidde

Gothic

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Romanization

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sad

  1. romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

Livonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *sato.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑˀd/, [ˈsɑˀd̥]

Noun

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sa’d

  1. precipitation; hail, rain, snow, etc.

Declension

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Declension of sa’d (76)
singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv) sa’d sadūd
genitive (genitīv) sa’d sadūd
partitive (partitīv) sa’ddõ sadīdi
dative (datīv) sa’ddõn sadūdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl) sa’dkõks sadūdõks
illative (illatīv) sa’ddõ sadīž
inessive (inesīv) sa’dsõ sadīs
elative (elatīv) sa’dstõ sadīst

References

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  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sa’d”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[3] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Lower Sorbian

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Image
sad

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sad m inan

  1. fruit (food)

Declension

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Declension of sad
singular (uncountable)
Nominative sad
Genitive sada
Dative sadoju
Accusative sad
Instrumental sadom
Locative saźe

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)

  1. sated, weary (having had enough) [from 9th c.]
  2. firm, solid, hard: [from 14th c.]
    1. steady, enduring
    2. intense, powerful, severe
    3. secure (inspiring trust)
    4. dense, thick, tightly-packed
  3. considered, thoughtful, serious [from 14th c.]
  4. sad (inspiring or having sorrow) [from 14th c.]
  5. authentic, true, genuine [from 15th c.]
  6. (of colors) dark, deep [from 15th c.]
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Descendants
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  • English: sad
  • Scots: sad
  • → Welsh: sad

Adverb

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sad (comparative saddere)

  1. firmly, solidly, steadily
  2. strongly, intensely
  3. seriously, consideredly
  4. sadly (in a sorrowful way)
Descendants
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  • English: sad (dialectal)
  • Scots: sad

References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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sad

  1. (Early Middle English, Essex) alternative form of seed (“seed”)

Etymology 3

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Verb

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sad

  1. alternative form of saden

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Adjective

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sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

  1. full, sated, satiated
  2. weary

Declension

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Declension of sad
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative sad sad sad sade sadu sade
accusative sadana sad sada sade sadu sade
genitive sades sades sadaro sadarō sadarō sadarō
dative sadumu sadumu sadaro sadum sadum sadum
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine
nominative sado sada sada sadu
accusative sadun sada sadun sadun
genitive sadun sadun sadun sadonō
dative sadun sadun sadun sadum
Comparative forms of sad (weak only)
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine
nominative sadoro sadora sadora sadoru
accusative sadorun sadora sadorun sadorun
genitive sadorun sadorun sadorun sadoronō
dative sadorun sadorun sadorun sadorum
Superlative forms of sad
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative sadost sadost sadost sadoste sadoste sadostu
accusative sadostana sadost sadosta sadoste sadoste sadostu
genitive sadostes sadostes sadostaro sadostarō sadostarō sadostarō
dative sadostumu sadostumu sadostaro sadostum sadostum sadostum
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine
nominative sadosto sadosta sadosta sadostu
accusative sadostun sadosta sadostun sadostun
genitive sadostun sadostun sadostun sadostonō
dative sadostun sadostun sadostun sadostum

Descendants

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  • Middle Low German sat

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
Image
sad

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sad m inan (diminutive sadek, related adjective sadowy)

    1. (agriculture, horticulture) orchard (land for cultivation of fruit or nut trees)

    Declension

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    Declension of sad
    singular plural
    nominative sad sady
    genitive sadu sadów
    dative sadowi sadom
    accusative sad sady
    instrumental sadem sadami
    locative sadzie sadach
    vocative sadzie sady

    Derived terms

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    noun
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    adjective
    noun
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    verb

    Further reading

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    • “sad”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • “sad”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)

    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ).

    Noun

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    sad n (plural saduri)

    1. (dated) orchard

    Declension

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    singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative-accusative sad sadul saduri sadurile
    genitive-dative sad sadului saduri sadurilor
    vocative sadule sadurilor

    Scots

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    Etymology

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    From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

    1. grave, serious
    2. strange, remarkable
    3. sad

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda, composed of *sь (“this”) + *goda (“(right) time, year”).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)

    1. now
    2. currently
    3. presently

    Etymology 2

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    Image
    sȃd

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ. Compare Russian сад (sad).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    sȃd m anim (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)

    1. plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
    2. a seedling or sapling from a plant nursery
    Declension
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    Declension of sad
    singular plural
    nominative sad sadovi
    genitive sada sadova
    dative sadu sadovima
    accusative sada sadove
    vocative sade sadovi
    locative sadu sadovima
    instrumental sadom sadovima

    References

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    • “sad”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026
    • “sad”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

    Slovak

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    Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sk

    Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      sad m inan (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

      1. garden, orchard, plantation

      Declension

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      Declension of sad
      (pattern dub)
      singularplural
      nominativesadsady
      genitivesadusadov
      dativesadusadom
      accusativesadsady
      locativesadesadoch
      instrumentalsadomsadmi

      Derived terms

      [edit]
      adjectives
      nouns

      Further reading

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      • “sad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

      Slovene

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      Alternative forms

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      • ſad (Bohorič alphabet)

      Etymology

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      From Proto-Slavic *sȃdъ (“plant, garden”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sādas. First attested in the 14th century.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      sȃd m inan

      1. (archaic or literary) fruit
        Synonyms: sadež, plod
      2. (literary) result, outcome
        Synonyms: rezultat, izraz, odraz, pridobitev, otrok, output, posledica, produkt, plod
      3. (obsolete) child, young direct offspring
        Synonyms: otrok, dete, froc, malček, otroček, otročič, otročiček, otrokec, pamž, pestovanček, pestovanec, spestovanec
        Antonyms: starš, roditelj, rodnik, starši
        Zdrava, Marija, milosti polna, Gospod je s Teboj, blagoslovljena si med ženami in blagoslovljen je sad Tvojega telesa Jezus. ― Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
      4. (literary, rare) consequence
        Synonyms: posledica, nasledek, nastopek, posledek, plod

      Usage notes

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      Unlike plod, sad is used more when the edibility is stressed, rather than the seeds it contains.

      Declension

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      First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
      nom. sing. sȃd
      gen. sing. sadȗ
      singular dual plural
      nominative
      imenovȃlnik       		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi
      genitive
      rodȋlnik       		sadȗ sadóv sadóv
      dative
      dajȃlnik       		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvom, sȃdȏvam
      accusative
      tožȋlnik       		sȃd sadȏva sadȏve
      locative
      mẹ̑stnik       		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvih sadȏvih
      instrumental
      orọ̑dnik       		sȃdom sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvi
      (vocative)
      (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)       		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi



      First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent
      nom. sing. sȃd
      gen. sing. sȃda
      singular dual plural
      nominative
      imenovȃlnik       		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi
      genitive
      rodȋlnik       		sȃda sadóv sadóv
      dative
      dajȃlnik       		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvom, sȃdȏvam
      accusative
      tožȋlnik       		sȃd sadȏva sadȏve
      locative
      mẹ̑stnik       		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvih sadȏvih
      instrumental
      orọ̑dnik       		sȃdom sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvi
      (vocative)
      (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)       		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi


      Derived terms

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      See also

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      Further reading

      [edit]
      • “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
      • “sad”, in Termania, Amebis
      • See also the general references

      Tat

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

      Numeral

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      sad

      1. hundred

      Turkish

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صاد (sâd), from Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

      Noun

      [edit]

      sad

      1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ص

      Alternative forms

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      Wakhi

      [edit]

      Etymology

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      Compare Tajik сад (sad).

      Numeral

      [edit]

      sad

      1. hundred

      Welsh

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      Borrowed from Middle English sad (“firm, steady, serious”).

      Adjective

      [edit]

      sad (feminine singular sad, plural sad, equative saded, comparative sadach, superlative sadaf, not mutable)

      1. firm, steady, stable
        Synonyms: cadarn, diysgog, disyfl, sefydlog, solet
      2. dependable, steadfast
        Synonyms: dianwadal, dibynadwy

      Derived terms

      [edit]

      Further reading

      [edit]
      • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “sad”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
      • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “sad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sad&oldid=91406034"