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Python (Missile)

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ImagePython (Missile)
missile family (en) Fassara
Image
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na air-to-air missile (en) Fassara
Ƙasa da aka fara Isra'ila
Manufacturer (en) Fassara Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (en) Fassara

Rafael Python (wanda aka rubuta shi da manyan haruffa; פיתון) yana cikin makamai masu linzami na iska zuwa iska (AAMs) wanda kamfanin kera makamai na Isra'ila Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, tsohon RAFAEL Armament Development Authority ya gina. Asalin farawa da Shafrir (Ibraniyawa: ש scorר, wanda aka fassara shi a matsayin dome, ko rigar kariya - amma kuma yana da kama da Dragonfly, nau'in namiji na juyawa don jerin Damselfly (שפירית), an haɓaka makami mai linzami na Shafrir-1 a 1959, sannan Shafrir-2 ya biyo baya a farkon shekarun 1970. Daga baya, kamfanin iyaye ya ba da sunan yammacin "Python" don dalilai na fitarwa, farawa da Python-3 a cikin 1978. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ci gaba da bunkasa shi kuma ya samo asali a cikin Python-4, Python-5, Derby da kuma, SPYDER, tsarin kare iska na ƙasa. A halin yanzu, makamai masu linzami suna aiki tare da sojojin kasashe sama da goma sha biyar daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Zane da ci gaba

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Image
An lissafa daga sama zuwa ƙasa: Shafrir-1, Shafrir-2, Python-3, Python-4, Python-5.

A shekarun 1950, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Isra'ila (IAF) ta gabatar da buƙatu don ƙirƙirar makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama da aka ƙera a cikin gida, don haɓaka masana'antar tsaro ta cikin gida da rage dogaro da shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje. An ba da kwangilar Rafael Armament Development Authority don ƙirƙirar Shafrir (Ibrananci: שפריר, wanda aka fassara shi a matsayin Dragonfly, nau'in inflection na maza don Damselfly, שפרירית) a cikin 1959. Makamin ya shiga cikin yanayin aiki tare da jiragen saman Mirage na Isra'ila a cikin 1963, amma IAF ba ta ji daɗin aikinta ba kuma ba a sami nasarar kashe sojojin sama da shi ba a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki Shida, ana yin kisan kai da bindigogi. An gabatar da ingantaccen Shafrir-2 ba da daɗewa ba a cikin 1971, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan makamai masu linzami daga sama zuwa sama da aka taɓa yi. A lokacin Yaƙin Yom Kippur na 1973, IAF ta harba makamai masu linzami Shafrir-2 guda 176, inda ta lalata jiragen saman abokan gaba 89.[1] An fitar da Shafrir-2 tare da jirgin sama na Isra'ila zuwa ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka.

Bayan Shafrir-2, an ba da sabon makamai masu linzami da Rafael ya yi sunan yammacin Python. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa makami mai linzami na gaba da Rafael ya gina a farkon shekarun 1970 an kira shi Python-3, amma babu Python-1 ko Python-2 (sun kasance Shafrir-1, Shafrir-2). Python-3 ya inganta kewayon da kuma ikon kai farmaki, ya tabbatar da kansa kafin da kuma lokacin Yaƙin Lebanon na 1982, ya lalata jirgin saman abokan gaba 35. Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta burge ta da aikinta da kuma gina lasisi na Python-3 a matsayin PiLi-8 (PL-8) AAM.[2]

Ƙarin ci gaba ga Python-3 ya haifar da ci gaban Python-4 a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wanda ya kara da zaɓi don jagorar gani.[3] A cikin shekarun 1990s Rafael ya fara ci gaba a kan Python-5 AAM, wanda aka sanye shi da ingantaccen mai neman hoto na lantarki tare da ikon kulle bayan ƙaddamarwa.[4] An nuna sabon makami mai linzami a cikin 2003 Paris Air Show, kuma an yi niyya don aiki tare da IAF F-15I Ra'am ("Thunder") da F-16I Sufa ("Storm").

An ce Python-5 yana da cikakken ikon kaddamar da shi ko kuma makami mai linzami ne, ma'ana ana iya kaddamar dashi a manufa ba tare da la'akari da wurin da aka yi niyya ba dangane da jagorancin jirgin sama mai kaddamarwa. Zai iya kulle a kan manufofi bayan ƙaddamarwa, koda kuwa sun kai digiri 100 daga hangen nesa na jirgin sama mai ƙaddamarwa.

Shafrir-1

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An ƙera Shafrir-1 a tsakanin 1959-1964 don cika buƙatun IAF na makami mai linzami na cikin gida daga sama zuwa sama. An yi nufin gina ƙwarewar masana'antar tsaro ta cikin gida, da kuma rage dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje. Daga baya an tabbatar da fargabar dogaro da ƙasashen waje lokacin da Faransa ta haramta fitar da makamai zuwa Isra'ila.

Shafrir-1 an yi amfani da shi ne a kan jiragen saman Mirage III da aka gina a Faransa. Gwajin farko ya faru ne a Faransa a 1963. Koyaya aikin makami mai linzami ya kasance mara kyau sosai cewa nan da nan an fara aiki a kan ingantaccen sigar gaba, Shafrir-2. [5]

  • Tsawon: 250 cm (98 in) in)
  • Tsakanin: 55 cm (22 in) in)
  • Diamita: 14 cm (5.5 in) in)
  • Nauyin: 65 kg (143 lb)
  • Jagora: IR
  • Warhead: 11 kg (24 lb) kg (24 fashewar fashewa, daga baya 30 kg (66 lb) kg (66
  • Yankin: 5 km (3 mi)
  • Saurin: Mach 1.7

Shafrir-2 an ba shi lambar yabo tare da kashe-kashen 89 a cikin Yakin Yom Kippur na 1973. [1] A duk rayuwarta ta hidima, an ba ta lambar yabo tare da jimlar kashe-kashen 106.

  • Tsawon: 250 cm (98 in) in)
  • Tsakanin: 55 cm (22 in) in)
  • Diamita: 15 cm (5.9 in) in)
  • Nauyin: 93 kg (205 lb) kg (205
  • Jagora: IR
  • Warhead: 11 kg (24 lb) kg (24
  • Yankin: 5 km (3 mi)
  • Saurin: Mach 2.1

Python-3

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Python 3 makami mai linzami a ƙarƙashin fuka-fukan F-15 Eagle na Isra'ila.

Python-3 ingantaccen AAM ne tare da ikon kai farmaki, saurin sauri, kewayon, da aiki. Ya yi aiki sosai kafin da kuma lokacin Yaƙin Lebanon na 1982, inda ya zira kwallaye 35 (wasu kafofin sun ce 50) kashe-kashen.[4]

PLAAF ta kasar Sin ta yi farin ciki sosai da wannan makami mai linzami, kuma ta biya kudin samar da lasisi a matsayin PL-8 AAM a cikin shekarun 1980. [2] Lambar shirin da ake kira "Number 8 Project" (八号工程) kuma an fara shi ne a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1983. Daga Maris 1988 zuwa Afrilu 1989, an kammala canja wurin fasaha zuwa China yayin da lasisi da sassan lasisi suka ci gaba, kuma a lokacin bazara na 1989, cikakken makami mai linzami na kasar Sin ya sami takardar shaidar jihar. Babban mai samar da makami mai linzami shine Xi'an Eastern Machinery Factory (西安东方机械厂) wanda ke Xi'an, kuma an kuma ruwaito cewa kasar Sin ta haɓaka tsarin gani (HMS) don PL-8.[2]

  • Tsawon: 295 cm (116 in) cm (116 in)
  • Tsakanin: 80 cm (31 in) in)
  • Diamita: 16 cm (6.3 in) in)
  • Nauyin: 120 kg (260 lb)
  • Jagora: IR
  • Warhead: 11 kg (24 lb) kg (24 , mai aiki kusa fuse
  • Yankin: 15 km (9.3 mi)
  • Saurin: Mach 3.5

Python-4

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Image
Wani makami mai linzami na Python 4 a karkashin fuka-fukan F-15D Baz '957'

Python-4 ƙarni ne na 4th AAM tare da ikon kai farmaki, da haɗin kai tare da tsarin gani (HMS). [3] Ya shiga aiki a cikin shekarun 1990, kuma kamar wanda ya riga shi Python-3, an haɗa shi da tsarin HMS na Elbit Systems DASH (Nuna da Sight Helmet) don Isra'ila F-15s da F-16s, Chilean F-16s (MLU da C / D block 50/52 plus), F-5E / F Tiger III, Kfirs na Kudancin Amurka da SAAB JAS 39 Gripen. An ruwaito mai neman makami mai linzami yana amfani da fasahar fasahar band biyu mai kama da na US FIM-92 Stinger (Infrared homing da ultraviolet), tare da ikon IRCCM (IR ECCM) don rage radiation na IR don rage tasirin flares na abokan gaba.[6]

  • Tsawon: 300 cm (120 in) cm (120 in)
  • Tsakanin: 50 cm (20 in) cm (20 in)
  • Diamita: 16 cm (6.3 in) in)
  • Nauyin: 120 kg (260 lb)
  • Jagora: IR
  • Warhead: 11 kg (24 lb) kg (24 , mai aiki laser kusanci fuse tare da back-up tasiri fuse
  • Yankin: 15 km (9.3 mi)
  • Saurin: Mach 3.5 ko fiye

Python-5

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Image
Python-5, sabon memba a cikin iyalin Python na AAMs
A Python-5 AAM being fired from Indian Air Force HAL Tejas fighter during certification tests
An kori Python-5 AAM daga rundunar sojin saman Indiya HAL Tejas

Python-5 [7] a halin yanzu shine mafi kyawun makami mai linzami na iska zuwa iska a cikin kayan Isra'ila.[8] A matsayin gajeren Makami mai linzami daga iska zuwa iska, yana iya "kulle-on bayan kaddamarwa" (LOAL), kuma yana da cikakken sararin samaniya / duk hanyar (ciki har da baya). Makamin makami mai linzami yana da kai mai neman ci gaba wanda ya haɗa da mai neman wutar lantarki da kuma hotunan infrared wanda ke bincika yankin da aka yi niyya don jirgin sama mai ƙiyayya, sannan yana kulle don bin ƙarshe, da kuma ƙirar rikitarwa ta amfani da jimlar wurare goma sha takwas na iska.[4] An fara amfani da Python-5 a yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Lebanon na 2006, lokacin da F-16 Fighting Falcons suka yi amfani da shi don lalata Ababil UAVs biyu da aka yi amfani da su a Iran da Hezbollah ta yi amfani da ita. A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2021, wani F-16 na Isra'ila ya harbe wani jirgin sama mai suna Shahed wanda ke aiki da makami mai linzami na Python-5.[9][10][11]

  • Tsawon: 310 cm (120 in) cm (120 in)
  • Tsakanin: 64 cm (25 in) cm (25 in)
  • Diamita: 16 cm (6.3 in) in)
  • Nauyin: 105 kg (231 lb) kg (231
  • Jagora: IR + hoton lantarki
  • Warhead: 11 kg (24 lb) kg (24
  • Yankin: > 20 km (12 mi) km (12
  • Saurin: Mach 4

Sauran ci gaban Python

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Derby

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Image
Mashin Derby

Har ila yau an san shi da Alto, makami mai linzami na Derby shine BVR, matsakaici (~ 50 km (31 mi) ) mai aiki na radar homing. Kodayake a zahiri ba wani ɓangare na dangin "Python" ba, makami mai linzami babban nau'i ne na Python-4 tare da mai neman Radar mai aiki.[12]

  • Tsawon: 362 cm (143 in) in)
  • Tsakanin: 64 cm (25 in) cm (25 in)
  • Diamita: 16 cm (6.3 in) in)
  • Nauyin: 118 kg (260 lb)
  • Jagora: Radar mai aiki
  • Warhead: 23 kg (51 lb) kg (51
  • Yankin: 50 km (31 mi)
  • Saurin: Mach 4

I-Derby ER

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A watan Yunin 2015, Rafael ya tabbatar da wanzuwar I-Derby-ER, wani nau'in Derby mai tsayi wanda ke ƙara nisan zuwa 54 nmi (mita 62; kilomita 100), bayan an yi watsi da sigar "Python 6" bisa ga makami mai linzami Stunner da aka harba ta sama. Don cimma babban zango, an ƙara injin roka mai ƙarfi mai bugun jini biyu, inda bugun makamashi na biyu yayin da makamin ya kusa kaiwa ga inda aka nufa ya tsawaita lokacin tashi. Hakanan yana haɗa mai nema da fuse cikin tsarin firikwensin da haɗin kai don samar da sarari ga sabon motar..

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, an ruwaito cewa Indiya tana shirin shirya mayakan Sukhoi Su-30MKI da makamai masu linzami na I-Derby ER don maye gurbin makamai masu makamai masu lanzami na R-77. A baya, a cikin 2018, an riga an zaba shi don mayaƙin HAL Tejas na Sojojin Sama na Indiya. [13]

Image
SPYDER - ƙungiyar harbi mai linzami (MFU)

S (PY da DER) ingantaccen tsarin makami mai linzami ne wanda Rafael ya kirkira wanda ke amfani da nau'ikan makamai masu linzami na Python-5 da Derby.

Masu aiki

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Image
Biyu PL-8 AAMs suna bayyane a fili a kan wani kasar Sin Navy Shenyang J-8 interceptor

Masu aiki na yanzu

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  • - Shafrir-2 (makamai masu linzami 350, an kawo su 1981). [14] 
  • - Python-3. [15] 
  • - Python-3 (400 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 2001), Python-4 da Derby (200 makamai masu makamai masu banƙyama kowannensu, duk an kawo 2011). [14]Image Brazil
  • - Shafrir-2 (50 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 1978), Python-3 (120 makamai masu makamai masu banƙyama, an kawo 1997), Python-4 (280 makamai masu lanƙyama, aka kawo 2011) da Derby (60 makamai masu kunƙyama, a kawo 2003). [14]Image Chile
  • - Python-3 (3000 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 1983, sunan gida PiLi-8 (PL-8) ). [14] [1][2]Image China
  • - Shafrir-2 (makamai masu linzami 80, an kawo su 1989), Python-3/4 (makamai mai linzami 75 kowannensu, duk an kawo su 2005), Python-5 (makamai linzami 100, an kawo su 2011) da Derby (makamai lanzami 40, an kawo su 2010). [14] 
  • - Shafrir-2 (makamai masu linzami 75, an kawo su 1984), Python-3 / Python-4 (makamai mai linzami 60, an kawo su 1996), Python-5 (makamai linzami 50, an kawo su 2001) da Derby (makamai lanzami 60, an ba su 2003). [14]Image Ecuador
  • - Shafrir . [16] [yanawa da ake buƙata]  
  • - Python-5 da Derby makamai masu linzami da aka kawo a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin SPYDER.[17]Image Georgia
  • - Shafrir-2 (100 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 1978). [14]Image Honduras
  • - Python-4 da Python-5 (100 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 2007) da kuma I-Derby ER.[14]Image India
  • - Shafrir-1/2, Python-4 da Python-5, (mai amfani na farko, sunan gida Zephyr). 
  • - Python-5 da Derby tare da mai ƙarfafa roket mai ƙarfi (wani ɓangare na tsarin tsaron iska na SPYDER). [18][19] 
  • - Python-3. [20] 
  • - Python-4 (600 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 2004) da Python-5 da Derby makamai masu makamai masu banƙyama.[14] Ya zuwa 2023, ana amfani da Python-V a kan mayakan RSAF F-16C / D +.[21] 
  • - Shafrir-2 (450 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 1977). [14] 
  • - Python-4 (400-500 makamai masu linzami, an kawo su 1990). [14] 
  • - Python-4 (54 makamai masu linzami, an kawo 2004). [14]Image Venezuela
  • - Python-5 da Derby (makamai masu linzami 375 kowannensu, an kawo 2018 a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin SPYDER). [14]Image Vietnam

Tsoffin masu aiki

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  • - Python-3 (sunan yankin V3S Snake, an kawo shi a 1989 kuma ya yi ritaya a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008), [22] Derby (sunan yanki a matsayin R-Darter ko V4). 

Masu aiki na gaba

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  • - I-Derby ER (48 makamai masu linzami, an kawo su ta 2027). [23] 

Dubi kuma

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  • Jerin makamai da Sojojin Sama na Isra'ila suka yi amfani da su
  • AIM-9 Sidewinder - (Amurka)
  • IRIS-T - (Jamus, Italiya, Sweden, Girka)
  • Merlin (Turkey
  • ASRAAM - (United Kingdom)
  • R-73 - (Soviet Union)

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. 1 2 "Shafrir-2". www.Israeli-Weapons.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-14. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "python2" defined multiple times with different content.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "PiLi-8 Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile". SinoDefence.com. 12 October 2008. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SINOD" defined multiple times with different content.
  3. 1 2 "Python-4". www.Israeli-Weapons.com. Archived from the original on 2006-07-21. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "python4" defined multiple times with different content.
  4. 1 2 3 "Python-5". www.Israeli-Weapons.com. Archived from the original on 2006-07-15. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "python5" defined multiple times with different content.
  5. ↑ "Shafrir 1". www.Israeli-Weapons.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-22.
  6. ↑ Carlo Kopp (April 1997). "Fourth Generation AAMs – The Rafael Python 4". Australian Aviation. Archived from the original on 2006-09-25.
  7. ↑ "Python-5 Full Sphere IR Air-to-Air or Surface-to-Air Missile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-29.
  8. ↑ "Python-5". www.rafael.co.il.
  9. ↑ "Iron Dome intercepts drone during combat for first time, says Israeli military". 17 May 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-06-20. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  10. ↑ Gross, Judah Ari (13 May 2021). "Footage shows IDF fighter jet shooting down 'suicide drone' launched from Gaza". The Times of Israel.
  11. ↑ Trevithick, Joseph (May 13, 2021). "Palestinian Militants Are Now Launching Suicide Drones At Israel". The Drive.
  12. ↑ "Derby Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile". www.Israeli-Weapons.com. Archived from the original on 2006-07-18.
  13. ↑ Bedi, Rahul (29 May 2019). "IAF plans to arm its Su-30MKI fleet with I-Derby ER BVRAAMs". Jane's Defence Weekly (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-05-29.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 3 April 2014. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  15. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  16. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  17. ↑ "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Archived from the original on 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
  18. ↑ Mario Alvaro, Limos (16 May 2021). "Israel Is Supplying Air Defense Missiles to the Philippines". Esquire.
  19. ↑ Nepomuceno, Priam (30 December 2022). "Yearender: AFP ends 2022 with anti-air missile capability". www.pna.gov.ph (in Turanci).
  20. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  21. ↑ "Singapore Air Force upgraded F-16C/D+ fighter now armed with Python-5 air-to-air missiles".
  22. ↑ "V3S Snake (Rafael Python 3)". South African Air Force unofficial website. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  23. ↑ Gosselin-Malo, Elisabeth (2023-10-27). "Czech Republic orders new batch of air-to-air missiles from Rafael". Defense News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-27.
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