Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Syringa: A comprehensive review

“…Previous studies pointed out antioxidant and antitumor potential in the case of several Syringa species, suggesting these properties might be related to certain major identified compounds, namely iridoids and lignans [ 4 , 5 ]. Aqueous extracts obtained from flowers and leaves of S. pubescens were in vitro cytotoxic when tested against L2215 cell line, while S. patula floral buds extract and two isolated compounds, syringaresinol and oleoside 11-methyl ester, were able to inhibit HepG2 cells proliferation [ 4 , 5 ]. Similarly, oleuropein and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol 8- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, two compounds isolated from S. pubescens subsp.…”

“…Similarly, oleuropein and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol 8- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, two compounds isolated from S. pubescens subsp. patula , expressed cytotoxicity against P-388, L-1210, SNU-5 and HL-60 cells [ 5 ].…”

“…Among candidate botanicals, Syringa oblata Lindl. (Oleaceae) has a long tradition of ethnomedicinal use, and recent phytochemical and pharmacological reviews indicate that leaves and other aerial parts are rich in flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides and related phenolics—classes of compounds with documented anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities [ 5 , 18 ]. However, despite this phytochemical promise, SOL has not been systematically evaluated in disease-relevant models of reproductive tract infection.…”

“…Flavonoids are ubiquitously distributed in nature, predominantly existing in a glycosylated form in numerous medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits ( Bouyahya et al, 2021 ; Elham et al, 2021 ). Contemporary studies have confirmed their diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective effects ( Fischer et al, 1997 ; Huang T. et al, 2019 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ). Regarding the treatment of EMs, several flavonoids, such as quercetin, naringenin, baicalein, and wogonin, exert therapeutic effects by inducing apoptosis, primarily through cell cycle arrest induction, endoplasmic reticulum stress activation, ferroptosis inhibition, and mitochondrial function disruption, thereby triggering apoptosis ( Figure 3 ).…”