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Seyshelles

Bedel linkiga
Ka Wikipedia
Jamhuuriyadda Sishalis
(luuqadaha kale ee rasmiga ah)
Seselwa Creole French Repiblik Sesel
Af Faransiis République des Seychelles
Calanka Sishalis
Calanka
Coat of arms ee Sishalis
Coat of arms
Hal-ku-dheg: Finis Coronat Opus (Af-Laatiin)
"Dhamaadku Waxuu Guleeyaa Shaqada"
Heesta qaranka: Koste Seselwa (Kreole-ka Sishalis)
"Midowga Sishalis"
Location of Seyshelles (dark blue)– in Africa (light blue & dark grey)– in the African Union (light blue)
Location of Seyshelles (dark blue)

– in Africa (light blue & dark grey)
– in the African Union (light blue)

CaasimaddaFiktooriya
4°37′S 55°27′E / 4.617°S 55.450°E / -4.617; 55.450
Magaalada ugu weyncaasimadda
Luuqadaha rasmiga ah
[1]
Luuqadaha laga tirada badan yahay
Qaybaha qowmiyadaha
97% Kreole-ka Sishalis[lower-alpha 1]
3% kuwa kale[lower-alpha 2]
Diinta
(2022)[3]
 Dadka
  • Sishaliis
  • Sishaliise
  • Seselwa (Kreole)
DawladdaJamhuuriyad madaxweyne ah oo midaysan
Patrick Herminie
Sebastien Pillay
• Gudoomiyaha Golaha Qaranka
Azarel Ernesta
Sharci-dejintaGolaha Qaranka
Madaxbannaani 
ka timid Boqortooyada Midowday
• Ku dhawaaqistii Madaxbannaanida
29 Juun 1976
Bedka
• Wadarta
457 km2 (176 sq mi) (181aad)
• Biyo (%)
Aad u yar
Dadka
• Qiyaastii 2024
121,355[4] (200aad)
• Cufnaanta
262.3/km2 (679.4/sq mi) (67aad)
Wax soo saar (PPP)Qiyaastii 2026 
• Wadarta
Increase $4.490 bilyan[5] (177aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $43,850[6] (49aad)
Wax soo saar (magac ahaan)Qiyaastii 2026 
• Wadarta
Increase $2.250 bilyan[7] (186aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $21,940[8] (50aad)
Qaybsiga (2019)32.1[9]
sinnaan la'aan dhexdhexaad ah
Kobaca (2023)0.848[10]
aad u sarreeya (54aad)
LacagtaRubiga Sishalis (SCR)
SaacaddaUTC+04:00 (SCT)
Koodhka wicitaanka+248
Furaha Internetka.sc

Sishalis[lower-alpha 3] (/seɪˈʃɛl(z)/ ⓘ, /ˈseɪʃɛl(z)/;[12][13] Af Faransiis: [sɛʃɛl][14][15][16] ama [seʃɛl][17]), si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo Jamhuuriyadda Sishalis (Af Faransiis: République des Seychelles; Kreole-ka Sishalis: Repiblik Sesel),[18] waa dal jasiirado ah oo ka kooban 115 jasiiradood[19] kuna yaalla Badweynta Hindiya. Caasimaddiisa iyo magaalada ugu weyn, oo ah Fiktooriya, waxay dhanka bari 1,500 kilometres (800 nautical miles) kaga beegan tahay dhul-weynaha Afrika. Wadamada iyo dhulalka jasiiradaha ah ee u dhow waxaa ka mid ah Maaldiyfis, Komoros, Madagaskar, Moriishas, iyo Faransiiska goboladiisa iyo waaxyaha dibadda ee Mayotte iyo Réunion dhanka koonfureed; iyo Jasiiradaha Chagos dhanka bari. Sishalis waa dalka ugu yar Afrika sidoo kale waa dalka madaxbannaan ee ugu dadka yar Afrika, iyadoo lagu qiyaasay dadkiisa 100,600 qof sannadkii 2022.[20]

Jasiiradaha Sishalis ma lahayn wax dad ah ka hor intaan xiriir joogto ah oo dibadda ah lala samayn. In kasta oo badmaaxiinta Carabta iyo Sawaaxiliga ay u degeen inay jasiiradaha horay u ogaayeen iyagoo u maraya marinada ganacsiga Badweynta Hindiya, haddana ma jiraan wax caddaynaya inay jireen deegaanno rasmi ah ka hor intaan reer Yurub ku lug yeelan. Jasiiradaha waxaa markii ugu horreysay diwaangeliyay reer Yurub qarnigii 16aad, laakiin lama degganayn ilaa qarnigii 18aad, markaasoo Faransiisku si rasmi ah u sheegtay. Intii lagu guda jiray xilligii gumeysiga Faransiiska, dadka Afrikaanka ah ee la addoonsaday—kuwaas oo badankoodood horey loogu soo qabtay shabakadaha hadda jira ee Afrikaanka, ganacsiga addoonta ee Carabta, iyo ganacsiga addoonta ee Badweynta Hindiya—ayaa loo keenay jasiiradaha si ay uga shaqeeyaan beeraha waaweyn.

Waxay la kulantay dano iska soo horjeeda oo ka imaanayay Faransiiska iyo Ingiriiska ilaa ay si buuxda u gashay gacanta Ingiriiska horraantii qarnigii 19aad. Ka dib markii Ingiriisku la wareegay maamulka horraantii qarnigii 19aad, addoonsigii waa la baabiiyay waxaana hadhow qayb ahaan lagu beddelay shaqaale qandaraasleyaal ah oo laga keenay Hindiya. Tan iyo markii ay ku dhawaaqday madaxbannaanida Boqortooyada Midowday sannadkii 1976, waxay ka horumartay bulsho inta badan ku tiirsan beeraha una guurtay dhaqaale suuq xor ah oo kala duwan, kaasoo lagu yaqaanno waxqabadka waaxda adeegga, waaxda guud, iyo dalxiiska. Intii u dhaxeysay 1976 ilaa 2015, wax-soosaarka guud ee dalka ee magaca ah (GDP) wuxuu kor u kacay ku dhowaad 700%, halka awoodda iibsiga ay kor u kacday ku dhowaad 1600%. Tan iyo dhammaadkii 2010-maadkii, xukuumaddu waxay qaadday tillaabooyin lagu dhiiragelinayo maalgashiga shisheeye.

Tan iyo bilowgii qarniga 21aad, Sishalis waxay leedahay GDP-ga qofkiiba ee magaca ah ee ugu sarreeya iyo darajada Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha ee ugu sarreysa waddan kasta oo Afrikaan ah.[21] Marka loo eego Tusmooyinka Dimuqraadiyadda V-Dem ee 2024, Sishalis waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 43aad ee dimuqraadiyadaha doorashada ee adduunka oo dhan, waxayna kaalinta 1aad kaga jirtaa dimuqraadiyadda xorta ah ee Afrika, iyo kaalinta 2aad ee dimuqraadiyadaha doorashada ee qaaradda.[22] Dhaqanka iyo bulshada Sishalis waa isku dhaf ka kooban saamaynta Faransiiska, Ingiriiska, Hindida iyo Afrikaanka, iyadoo ay ku jiraan canaasiir Shiinees ah. Dalku waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay, Midowga Afrika, Ururka Horumarinta Bulshada Afrikaanka Koonfureed, iyo Caddaaladda Quruumaha.

Taariikhda

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Image
Reer Yurubkii ugu horreeyay ee ogaada Sishalis waxay ahaayeen Cisbitaalkii 4aad ee Boortaqiiska Hindiya, oo uu hoggaaminayay Vasco da Gama.

Taariikhda hore

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Sishalis ma lahayn wax dad ah inta badan taariikhda la diwaangeliyay, in kasta oo jilitaanka hababka socdaalka ee dadka Ostrooneesiyanka ay muujinayaan suurtogalnimada weyn inay booqdeen jasiiradaha.[23] Qubuuraha la arki karay ilaa 1910 ee Anse Lascars ee Jasiiradda Silhouette ayaa sidoo kale loo qiyaasay inay leeyihiin ganacsatadii dambe ee Maaldiyfiis iyo Carabta ee booqan jiray jasiiradaha.[24] Vasco da Gama iyo Cisbitaalkiisa 4aad ee Boortaqiiska Hindiya waxay ogaadeen Sishalis 15kii Maarso 1503; aragtida ugu horreysay waxaa sameeyay Thomé Lopes isagoo saaran Rui Mendes de Brito. Maraakiibtii Da Gama waxay dhoween jasiirad dheer, malaha waa Jasiiradda Silhouette, maalintii xigtayna waxay dhoween Jasiiradda Desroches. Ka dib, Boortaqiisku waxay khariidad ku sameeyeen koox ka kooban toddoba jasiiradood waxayna u bixiyeen The Seven Sisters (Toddobada Walaalood).[25] Soo degistii ugu horreysay ee la diwaangeliyay waxay ahayd bishii Janaayo 1609, oo ay sameeyeen shaqaalihii markabka Ascension ee uu hoggaaminayay Kabtan Alexander Sharpeigh intii lagu guda jiray safarkii afraad ee Shirkadda Ingiriiska ee East India Company.

Maadaama ay ahayd marin ganacsi oo u dhaxeeya Afrika iyo Aasiya, jasiiradaha waxaa la sheegay inay mararka qaar isticmaali jireen burcad-badeedda ilaa Faransiisku ka bilaabay inuu la wareego maamulka 1756 markaasoo Dhagaxii Lahaanshaha uu dhigay Mahé Kabtan Corneille Nicholas Morphey. Jasiiradaha waxaa loogu magac daray siyaasiga Faransiiska ah ee Jean Moreau de Séchelles, waxayna si rasmi ah qayb uga ahaayeen gumeysigii Isle de France.[26] Bishii Ogosto 1770, markabkii Faransiiska ee Thélémaque oo uu hoggaaminayay Kabtan Leblanc Lécore ayaa jasiiradda Ste. Anne Island keenay 15 qof oo caddaan ah oo degeysa iyo 13 addoon ah oo Afrikaan iyo Hindi ah.[27]

Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaaladii Kacaanka Faransiiska, markabka dagaalka ee Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada ee HMS Orpheus oo uu hoggaaminayay Kabtan Henry Newcombe ayaa yimid Mahé 16kii Maajo 1794. Jean-Baptiste Quéau de Quinssy [fr], oo ahaa maamulaha sare ee Sishalis, ayaa diiday inuu iska caabiyo Orpheus wuxuuna taa beddelkeeda si guul leh ula xaajooday Ingiriiska, taasoo keentay in jasiiraduhu ay sii ahaadaan kuwo hoos yimaada maamulka Faransiiska sidii dhul "dhexaad ah". Ka dib markii ciidamada Ingiriisku ay dhammaystireen duullaankoodii Isle de France bishii Diseembar 1810, waxay la wareegeen maamulka Sishalis, taasoo lagu rasmeeyay Heshiiskii Baariis ee 1814 kaasoo soo afjaray Dagaalkii Isbahaysiga Lixaad. Sishalis waxay noqotay gumeysi boqortooyo oo ka go'an Moriishas sannadkii 1903. Doorashooyinka Sishalis waxaa la qabtay 1966 iyo 1970.

Image
Image
Tikidhada boostada ee Sishalis oo wata sawirka Boqorad Elizabeth II
Image
Fiktooriya, Sishalis 1900-aadkii

Madaxbannaanida

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Sannadkii 1976, Sishalis waxay madaxbannaani ka qaadatay Boqortooyada Midowday iyadoo noqotay jamhuuriyad. Tan iyo xilligaas waxay xubin ka noqotay Ururka Barwaaqosooranka.[28] Sannadadii 1970-aadkii Sishalis waxay ahayd "goobta la rabo in lagu arko dadka, goob ay ku ciyaaraan xiddigaha filimada iyo dadka caalamiga ah ee hodanka ah".[29] Sannadkii 1977, Inqilaab uu sameeyay France-Albert René ayaa xilka ka tuuray madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee jamhuuriyadda, James Mancham.[30] René wuxuu niyad-jabiyay ku tiirsanaanta xad-dhaafka ah ee dalxiiska wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay inuu rabo "inuu Sishalis u hayo dadka Sishalis".[29]

Dastuurkii 1979 wuxuu ku dhawaaqay gole hantiwadaag ah oo hal xisbi ah, kaasoo jiray ilaa 1991.[31]

Sannadadii 1980-aadkii waxaa jiray isku dayo inqilaab oo xiriir ah oo ka dhanka ah Madaxweyne René, kuwaas oo qaarkood ay taageerayeen Afrikaanka Koonfureed. Sannadkii 1981, Mike Hoare ayaa hoggaaminayay koox ka kooban 43 calooshood u shaqaystayaal u dhashay Afrikaanka Koonfureed oo iska dhigay ciyaartoy rugby ah oo fasax ku jira intii lagu guda jiray Isku daygii inqilaabka Sishalis ee 1981.[29] Waxaa jiray dagaal dhexmaray madaarka, inta badan calooshood u shaqaystayaashuna hadhow waxay ku baxsadeen markab Air India ah oo la afduubay.[29] Hoggaamiyaha afduubkan wuxuu ahaa calooshood u shaqayste Jarmal ah oo la oron jiray D. Clodo, kaasoo horey uga tirsanaan jiray Rhodesian SAS.[32] Clodo hadhow waxaa la horkeenay maxkamad ku taala Afrikaanka Koonfureed (halkaas oo lagu siidayay) iyo sidoo kale dalkiisa hoose ee Jarmalka arrimo la xiriira burcad-badeednimo hawada ah.[33]

Sannadkii 1986, isku day inqilaab oo uu hoggaaminayay Wasiirka Gaashaandhiga Sishalis, Ogilvy Berlouis, ayaa sababay in Madaxweyne René uu caawimaad weydiisto Hindiya. Intii lagu guda jiray Hawlgalkii Flowers are Blooming, Ciidanka Badda ee Hindiya markabkooda Nilgiri-class frigate Template:INS ayaa yimid Port Victoria si uu gacan uga geysto ka hortagga inqilaabka.[34]

Qabyo-qoraalkii ugu horreeyay ee dastuurka cusub wuxuu ku guuldarraystay inuu helo 60% codbixiyayaasha loo baahnaa sannadkii 1992, laakiin nooc wax laga beddelay ayaa la ansixiyay 1993.[35]

Bishii Janaayo 2013, Sishalis waxay ku dhawaaqday xaalad degdeg ah ka dib markii duufaanta kuleylaha ah ee cyclone Felleng ay sababtay roobab mahiigaan ah, daadad iyo dhul go'ayna ay burburiyeen boqolaal guri.[36] [37]

Ka dib inqilaabkii 1977, madaxweynuhu wuxuu mar walba matalayay isku xisbi siyaasadeed ilaa bishii Oktoobar Doorashadii Guud ee Sishalis ee 2020, taasoo ahayd mid taariikhi ah maadaama xisbiga mucaaradka uu guulaystay. Wavel Ramkalawan wuxuu noqodka madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee aan matalin United Seychelles (magaca hadda ee horey loo oran jiray Seychelles People's Progressive Front).[38][39]

Bishii Janaayo 2023, Sishalis waxay ku dhawaaqday heerarkii ugu dambeeyay ee dhammaystirka qorshaheeda booska badda. Waxay noqon doontaa aagga labaad ee ugu weyn badweynta marka loo eego baaxadda oo gaareysa 1.35 million square kilometres (520,000 square miles) iyadoo ku xigta Norway, si loo taageero dhaqaalaheeda buluugga ah.[40]

Bishii Oktoobar 2025, doorashadii madaxweynenimo ee wareeggii labaad waxaa ku guuleystay afhayeenkii hore ee baarlamaanka ahna hoggaamiyaha ugu weyn ee mucaaradka, Patrick Herminie, taasoo la micno ah in xisbiga Herminie ee United Seychelles (US) uu dib ugu soo laabtay xukunka.[41] Maalintii 26kii Oktoobar 2025, Patrick Herminie waxaa loo dhaqan-galiyay inuu yahay madaxweynihii lixaad ee Sishalis.[42]

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. ↑ https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Seychelles_2017 - Dastuurka Sishalis - “Luuqadaha Qaranka ee Sishalis waa Kreole, Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis”
  2. 1 2 "SeychellesThe World Factbook". -. 2023-07-12. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  3. ↑ Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "2022Census".
  4. ↑ "MID-YEAR 2024 ESTIMATED RESIDENT POPULATION (ERP)". National Bureau of Statistics. 2024-08-31.
  5. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Seychelles)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  6. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Seychelles)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  7. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Seychelles)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  8. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025: Edition (Seychelles)" (in Ingiriisi). International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
  9. ↑ "GINI index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  10. ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (in Ingiriisi). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  11. ↑ Motschenbacher, Heiko (2 January 2020). "Greece, the Netherlands and (the) Ukraine: A Corpus-Based Study of Definite Article Use with Country Names". Names. 68 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1080/00277738.2020.1731241. hdl:11250/2676009.
  12. ↑ Template:Cite EPD
  13. ↑ Template:Cite LPD
  14. ↑ "Seychelles – English translation in German – Langenscheidt dictionary French-German" (in Ingiriisi, Jarmal, and Faransiis). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  15. ↑ "Traduction: Seychelles – Dictionnaire français-anglais Larousse" (in Ingiriisi and Faransiis). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  16. ↑ "Seychelles | French » English | PONS" (in Ingiriisi and Faransiis). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  17. ↑ "English Translation of "Seychelles" | Collins French-English Dictionary" (in Ingiriisi and Faransiis). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  18. ↑ "Seychelles Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. 
  19. ↑ "United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework for Seychelles 2024 - 2028" (PDF). United Nations. 2023. p. 15. Retrieved 2026-05-30.
  20. ↑ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data (in Laatiin). Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  21. ↑ "World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk". World Bank.Template:Date?
  22. ↑ V-Dem Institute (2023). "The V-Dem Dataset". Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  23. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Scott M.; Callaghan, Richard (2008). "Seafaring simulations and the Origin of Prehistoric Settlers to Madagascar". In O'Connor, Sue; Clark, Geoffrey; Leach, Foss (eds.). Islands of Inquiry: Colonisation, Seafaring and the Archaeology of Maritime Landscapes (PDF). Terra Australis. Canberra, ACT, Australia: ANU E Press. p. 52. ISBN 9781921313905.
  24. ↑ Guébourg, Jean-Louis (2004). Les Seychelles (in Faransiis). Paris: Ed. Karthala. pp. 27–28. ISBN 2-84586-358-6. OCLC 419931142 – via Google Books.
  25. ↑ "Seychelles: Settlement and the development of the plantation economy (1770–1944)". Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2026-07-01.
  26. ↑ "Our History". National Assembly of Seychelles. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  27. ↑ Govinden, Gerard (2020-08-27). "250th Anniversary of First Settlement". Seychelles Nation (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2024-07-03.
  28. ↑ "History of Seychelles". seychelles.com. 2009. Archived from the original on 8 June 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Joanna Symons (21 March 2005). "Seychelles: Life's a breeze near the equator" Archived 4 Maajo 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Telegraph.co.uk.
  30. ↑ "africanhistory.about.com". About.com Education. africanhistory.about.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  31. ↑ "Seychelles – Return to a Multiparty System". countrystudies.us.
  32. ↑ Hoare, Mike The Seychelles Affair (Transworld, London, 1986; ISBN 0-593-01122-8)
  33. ↑ Bartus László: Maffiaregény ISBN 9634405967, Budapest 2001
  34. ↑ Brewster, David; Rai, Ranjit (2011). "Flowers are blooming: the story of the India Navy's secret operation in the Seychelles". Naval Review: Annual Review of World Seapower. 99 (1): 58–62. hdl:1885/13331.
  35. ↑ "FAO.org". www.fao.org.
  36. ↑ "International Chapter activated for flooding in the Republic of Seychelles". United Nation. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  37. ↑ "State of Emergency declared in the Seychelles". Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  38. ↑ "Seychelles election marks first opposition victory in 44 years". TheGuardian.com. 25 October 2020.
  39. ↑ "Seychelles elections: How a priest rose to become president". BBC News. 28 October 2020.
  40. ↑ "Ocean conservation: Seychelles' marine spatial plan in final stages of completion". www.seychellesnewsagency.com.
  41. ↑ "Seychelles presidential election: Opposition leader Patrick Herminie defeats Wavel Ramkalawan". www.bbc.com. 12 October 2025.
  42. ↑ "Patrick Herminie sworn in as Seychelles sixth president". Retrieved 27 October 2025.
  1. ↑ Waa qowmiyadda asalka ah ee ugu badan dalka; dadka kreole-ka ah waxay asal ahaan isugu jiraan qowmiyado ka yimid dhul-weynaha Afrikaanka Bari iyo dadka Malagasi. Waxay ka dhumaan aqlabiyadda ballaaran ee dadka dalka deggan.[2]
  2. ↑ Qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee aan u dhalan Sishalis waxaa ka mid ah kooxihii yaryaraa ee ka koobnaa Faransiis, Hindi, Shiinees, iyo Carab.[2]
  3. ↑ Loo tixgeliyo kalgacal ama wadajir. Joogitaanka qodobka qeexan ("the Seychelles") isna wuu kala duwan yahay.[11]
Cillad tixraac: Calaamadaha <ref> ayaa jira koox la magacaabay "lower-alpha", laakiin lama helin calaamadda u dhiganta. <references group="lower-alpha"/>.
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seyshelles&oldid=300817"