A century of books

June 24, 2026

I know in the ranks of book bloggers I will never be more than a mere epigone of Simon, but I felt like jumping on the bandwagon of his latest post. Here’s my list of 100 great books for 100 great (and not so great) years. A little author duplication within my list, but that was unavoidable given I seem to be quite poorly read until about 1930 when things really take off. I’m not sure I was especially sold on Sister Carrie, but it was that or Lord Jim. I’d recommend any of the books below to the curious and discerning reader. If you happen upon this post, do let me know your score!

1900: Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser
1901: Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family by Thomas Mann
1902: The Immoralist by André Gide
1903: The Ambassadors by Henry James
1904: A Terrible Tomboy by Angela Brazil
1905: Where Angels Fear to Tread by E.M. Forster
1906: The Railway Children by E. Nesbit
1907: Father and Son by Edmund Gosse
1908: The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame
1909: Mike by P.G. Wodehouse

1910: Clayhanger by Arnold Bennett
1911: Peter and Wendy by J.M. Barrie
1912: Death in Venice by Thomas Mann
1913: Le Grand Meaulnes by Alain-Fournier
1914: Dubliners by James Joyce
1915: Vainglory by Ronald Firbank
1916: David Blaize by E.F. Benson
1917: His Last Bow by Arthur Conan Doyle
1918: The Return of the Soldier by Rebecca West
1919: In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower by Marcel Proust

1920: Youth and the Bright Medusa by Willa Cather
1921: Santal by Ronald Firbank
1922: Lady into Fox by David Garnett
1923: Riceyman Steps by Arnold Bennett
1924: Diary of a Short-Sighted Adolescent by Mircea Eliade
1925: Greenery Street by Denis Mackail
1926: A Man Could Stand Up — by Ford Madox Ford
1927: archy and mehitabel by Don Marquis
1928: Orlando: A Biography by Virginia Woolf
1929: Emil and the Detectives by Erich Kästner

1930: His Monkey Wife, or, Married to a Chimp by John Collier
1931: All Passion Spent by Vita Sackville-West
1932: Sunset Song by Lewis Grassic Gibbon
1933: Cheese by Willem Elsschot
1934: Jim at the Corner by Eleanor Farjeon
1935: A House and Its Head by Ivy Compton-Burnett
1936: The Weather in the Streets by Rosamond Lehmann
1937: The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N by Leo Rosten
1938: The Death of the Heart by Elizabeth Bowen
1939: Party Going by Henry Green

1940: The Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers
1941: Hangover Square by Patrick Hamilton
1942: House-Bound by Winifred Peck
1943: Double Indemnity by James M. Cain
1944: The Wind on the Moon by Eric Linklater
1945: Saplings by Noel Streatfeild
1946: Doreen by Barbara Noble
1947: The Doll’s House by Rumer Godden
1948: The Heart of the Matter by Graham Greene
1949: Mr Sampath – The Printer of Malgudi by R.K. Narayan

1950: The Garden Where the Brass Band Played by Simon Vestdijk
1951: The Goshawk by T.H. White
1952: Hemlock and After by Angus Wilson
1953: Maud Martha by Gwendolyn Brooks
1954: Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas
1955: The Inheritors by William Golding
1956: The Lonely Londoners by Sam Selvon
1957: The Warden’s Niece by Gillian Avery
1958: The Changeling by Robin Jenkins
1959: Mrs Bridge by Evan S. Connell

1960: The Great Fortune by Olivia Manning
1961: Revolutionary Road by Richard Yates
1962: The Kindly Ones by Anthony Powell
1963: The Finishing Touch by Brigid Brophy
1964: Berg by Ann Quin
1965: Ariel by Sylvia Plath
1966: Trawl by B.S. Johnson
1967: Lord Dismiss Us by Michael Campbell
1968: My Father and Myself by J.R. Ackerley
1969: The Boys by Henry de Montherlant

1970: Pennington’s Seventeenth Summer by K.M. Peyton
1971: Thursday by Catherine Storr
1972: Is Your Marriage Really Necessary? by Eleanor Bron & John Fortune
1973: Carrie’s War by Nina Bawden
1974: Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said by Philip K. Dick
1975: First Love, Last Rites by Ian McEwan
1976: Coming Through Slaughter by Michael Ondaatje
1977: The Return of Reginald Perrin by David Nobbs
1978: Happy All the Time by Laurie Colwin
1979: The Ghost Writer by Philip Roth

1980: The Boy Who Followed Ripley by Patricia Highsmith
1981: Loitering with Intent by Muriel Spark
1982: Wish Her Safe at Home by Stephen Benatar
1983: The People of Providence: A Housing Estate and Some of Its Inhabitants by Tony Parker
1984: Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie
1985: The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me by Roald Dahl
1986: The Girls: A Story of Village Life by John Bowen
1987: And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts
1988: The Beginning of Spring by Penelope Fitzgerald
1989: Jack by A.M. Homes

1990: The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Kureishi
1991: No Word from Gurb by Eduardo Mendoza
1992: Bad News by Edward St Aubyn
1993: Genie: A Scientific Tragedy by Russ Rymer
1994: The Folding Star by Alan Hollinghurst
1995: Magdalena the Sinner by Lilian Faschinger
1996: The Debt to Pleasure by John Lanchester
1997: Love and Death on Long Island by Gilbert Adair
1998: Election by Tom Perrotta
1999: An Equal Music by Vikram Seth

The 1961 Club: Horseman, Pass By / Larry McMurtry

April 19, 2026

A personal history of the Wild West:

For as long as I can remember I was aware of children in old media playing Cowboys and Indians, but it couldn’t have appealed to me less. A 1958 Peanuts strip has Linus eschewing Cowboys and Indians for his favoured game of ‘Liberals and Conservatives’, and I would have been such a child.

At the age of seven I wrote a complaining letter to the Controller of BBC One because my programmed recording of the Laurel & Hardy film Way Out West, broadcast while I was at school, had cut off the end because the start had been delayed, and received an apologetic letter from a minion. No harm done: it taught me the important lesson that you set the recording to end a good fifteen minutes later than the scheduled finish time, not the piffling five I had previously banked on, and someone gave me the film on VHS as a birthday present.

We had an LP of Geoff Love and His Orchestra performing ‘Big Western Movie Themes’ that opened with The Big Country, which was thrilling even if you didn’t want to watch the film.

At the age of nine I came home from school to find my doting mother had purchased this CD, thinking I would enjoy Billy the Kid.

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She wasn’t wrong. It blew my mind. The vivid atmosphere of the open prairie, the lilt of the popular songs (‘Goodbye, Old Paint’), the terror of the gun battle (I hadn’t realised music could make you actually, physically scared), the sides-hugging delight of the capture. Before too long I knew every note of it. I can date it to the age of nine because I put it on an early mixtape (compilations, we called them back then) made on our home stereo, whose inlay card I annotated with ’22/5/93′ (a Saturday).

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The Sousa marches were from an Eastman Wind Ensemble CD borrowed from the public library that I had to make a copy of before returning.

At ten or eleven, inspired by my love of Copland and probably The Oregon Trail, I took an ‘Extra Study Option’ on the Wild West. An initiative of the headmaster, the ESO was probably a sop to allow various disenchanted teachers to share something they were genuinely passionate about for a change with willing pupils. So once a week for a term I and a small group of similarly naive suckers stayed behind after school with my maths teacher to learn all about about grits and dysentery. To date, they remain the longest hours I have ever spent.

Way Out West notwithstanding, the appeal of the Western eluded me until I studied High Noon for a film music paper at university, and suddenly I got the point, graduating to Destry Rides Again, Bad Day at Black Rock, Red River, Broken Arrow, Shane (which, like Billy the Kid, features a dance to ‘Goodbye, Old Paint’) … and Hud, which is where we’ve been aiming for.

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Horseman, Pass By, which would become translated into Hud a couple of years later, was the debut novel of Larry McMurtry and the first of three novels later anthologised as Thalia: A Texas Trilogy and set in and around the town of that name.

The Western films I named above are mostly set in the Old West, but McMurtry’s Thalia novels are set in the present day, in the case of Horseman, Pass By in July 1954. The imagined fighty Cowboys-and-Indians good-and-bad black-and-whiteness of the Wild West was one thing that put me off as a child. If I’d realised what an ache you could get into a Western story I’d have seen the point of them far earlier, and McMurtry is all about the ache.

The acher-in-chief of Horseman, Pass By is its narrator Lonnie Bannon, 17 years old and living on his 82-year-old grandfather Homer’s cattle ranch. Lonnie’s a sensitive, thoughtful boy who helps his grandfather and does a bit of performative chasing after girls his own age but is more drawn to their black housekeeper Halmea, who functions as both a substitute for his dead mother and a sexual fantasy. Increasingly he thinks of escape.

I wouldn’t have minded going with Hermy’s cousin to see what it was like in Oklahoma City, at least it would be a change. Thalia was okay, I really liked it, but I just didn’t want it for all the time. The old cows bawling in the horse pasture kept me awake till nearly morning, and I lay in bed with my eyes open, thinking about all the girls I knew in Thalia, and those in Oklahoma City I didn’t know, all of them with nightgowns on, asleep somewhere and breathing in the night.

Ache. The grit in this situation comes from the unexplained death of a heifer in Homer’s herd, which suggests the possibility of hoof and mouth disease, and from the volatile presence of Hud, Homer’s 35-year-old stepson. Thirty-five’s an awkward age, I dimly recall. If it’s not friends saying ‘It’s much better living it than looking at it, Robert’ then it’s usually a ranch you feel like you’ve been waiting your whole adult life to inherit and a herd of Mexican cows that should never have been bought in the first place.

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I guess they had to rename it because the audience for a film called Horseman, Pass By would be close to zero, but from the title of the film you’d think Hud was the central character. (That’s the draw of Paul Newman, though in fact it was Melvyn Douglas and Patricia Neal who won the Oscars. Lonnie is played by soulful Brandon deWilde, ten years on from his turn as Joey Starrett in Shane; it couldn’t be any other way.) You may suspect something similar as you read the book. Hud’s slow to be introduced, and the force of his personality when he does eventually appear contrasts sharply with Lonnie’s meekness. The grandeur of the landscape often lends itself to grand stories, and I kept thinking of Shakespeare’s Henry IV plays, envisaging Hud as a Prince Hal type, a tearaway waiting for a taste of responsibility to let him blossom.

This isn’t that book, though. With his 1985 masterpiece Lonesome Dove and its sequels McMurtry would create expansive, epic tales of the West, but this book’s scope is smaller, a snapshot essentially of Lonnie’s coming of age. Halmea quits, Hud’s dropped, and Lonnie goes away. There’s a powerfully nostalgic streak in everything I’ve read by McMurtry. Not sentimental for a moment, and this book contains a couple of brutal scenes of slaughter and assault, but the brutality complements a constant awareness of the changing of the seasons, the ends of eras, the fragility of life. The Old West seems to have been dying since its birth, the old ways falling off, and in this book Lonnie is McMurtry’s proxy to observe it all, most of the chapters seeming to end in this sweet, wistful strain.

I went in the church and laid the songbook on a seat. Then I went back outside and stood on the walk in front of the church house, looking at the grass, at the skim-milk clouds, at those blue church-house windows, thinking of the horseman that had passed.

Has Larry McMurtry ever been given his due? Because I think he’s a very great writer. He’s not published by Library of America at the time of writing, but that will presumably be remedied pretty soon. For myself, I need to read the second Thalia book, Leaving Cheyenne (a quotation from ‘Goodbye, Old Paint’; everything connects), and reread the third, The Last Picture Show, probably this year, before saddling up for the Lonesome Dove sequels.

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The 1961 Club: My Sad Captains / Thom Gunn

April 18, 2026

Whenever I post about poetry I come down with impostor syndrome. ‘Sir, I don’t always understand poetry!’ I’m not wholly ignorant, but my knowledge is patchy: I can tell an iamb from a trochee, recognise a triolet and a villanelle, know nothing of terza rima or heroic couplets, and if you put a poem in front of me I couldn’t tell you if it was Keats or Byron or Shelley or Coleridge unless I knew it already. But I looked at some of the other things bloggers have posted about Thom Gunn and ignorance hasn’t inhibited them, so I decided he’s fair game.

I’ve written about Gunn before. Do you have poets? You probably do. Anyway, he’s one of mine, a not infrequent companion of student days. Back then I dipped into his collected poems frequently, but I don’t think I’d read a single collection cover to cover until this one, 1961’s My Sad Captains, and Other Poems.

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The title comes from Antony and Cleopatra:

Come,
Let’s have one other gaudy night: call to me
All my sad captains; fill our bowls once more;
Let’s mock the midnight bell.

Another blogger reckons the title poem (‘One by one they appear in / the darkness: a few friends, and / a few with historical / names’) is alluding to Elvis, or James Dean, though I’m not sure why. It might just as easily be the voice of Mark Antony. But the poems in this book are not easy to interpret. I read most of them over again when I’d finished them in the hope of an epiphany that often didn’t come. I also read most of them aloud, which certainly helped.

I loved the crispness and precision of the early poems, the classicism of their discipline, even when their point was lost on me. I struggled to identify themes, but Gunn’s range is wide: a painting by Caravaggio, a meditation on Claus von Stauffenberg (would-be assassin of Hitler). His voice is usually serious, but there’s a page of comic verses labelled ‘Readings in French’ that might have come from time spent in France (teaching?).

Though Edgar Poë writes a lucid prose,
Just and rhetorical without exertion,
It loses all lucidity, God knows,
In the single, poorly rendered English version.

This made me smile, recalling as it did Nabokov’s Pnin, a recent reread, whose title character laments that the library of his New England college only has Hamlet in the original, not the Russian translation of his youth with its ‘beautiful, noble, sonorous’ lines.

The easiest poems to love, or at any rate to comprehend, are the ones treating the outside world, the gorgeous ‘Lights Among Redwood’ and the irresistible ‘Considering the Snail’, which imagines a snail moving through a ‘wood of desire’ and asks ‘What is a snail’s fury?’

Two poems titled ‘Modes of Pleasure’, both dealing with sightings of men in bars, one a middle-aged ‘Fallen Rake’, another a potential one-night stand, point the way to Gunn’s later more overtly gay poetry, which is what I found exciting in my early twenties. Not many poets have captured so vividly the sensual potential of the male body. Gunn was in his early thirties when this book came out, and a couple of his poems are tender treatments of teenage boys finding their feet in a gay or gay-adjacent world. ‘Blackie, the Electric Rembrandt’ has a teenage boy having his arm tattooed with stars (‘Now he is starlike’), while ‘Black Jackets’ is about a young member of a biker gang leaning to fit in.

He stretched out like a cat, and rolled
The bitterish taste of beer upon his tongue,
And listened to a joke being told:
The present was the things he stayed among.

The thing that most evokes the subject’s youth here may be the bitterness of the beer, a thing that you notice when you start drinking for the first time and come presently to take for granted. The night I read this poem I’d just rewatched Basil Dearden’s film Victim, another gay artefact of 1961, and the hangout where this poem takes place might be the transport caff Boy Barrett flees to in Kelworth, the last stop on his farewell tour before the police take him in. Though it’s not clear if the Gunn of this poem is British or American.

Gunn was British-born (the modest claim to fame of his newspaper editor father Bert was the invention of the phrase ‘It’s That Man Again’ to describe Hitler) but made his home in San Francisco from the mid-1950s, and seems to have put on Americanness like one of his black jackets. He was a great poet of the city, and I’ll finish with this one, a moving, inviting piece of writing. It almost makes me wish I’d been there, but the reality is that in San Francisco I’d be the guy with his windows shut reading poetry.

A Map of the City

I stand upon a hill and see
A luminous country under me,
Through which at two the drunk must weave;
The transient’s pause, the sailor’s leave.

I notice, looking down the hill,
Arms braced upon a window sill;
And on the web of fire escapes
Move the potential, the grey shapes.

I hold the city here, complete;
And every shape defined by light
Is mine, or corresponds to mine,
Some flickering or some steady shine.

This map is ground of my delight.
Between the limits, night by night,
I watch a malady’s advance,
I recognize my love of chance.

By the recurrent lights I see
Endless potentiality,
The crowded, broken, and unfinished!
I would not have the risk diminished.

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The 1961 Club: Household Ghosts / James Kennaway

April 17, 2026

The Scottish writer James Kennaway (1928-1968) is best remembered for his 1956 novel Tunes of Glory, the bleak story of a power struggle in a Scottish army barracks. I’ve long meant to read it, and it was this, and the knowledge that the volume also contained his 1961 novel Household Ghosts, that prompted me to ask for a Canongate omnibus of three Kennaway novels for Christmas.

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With the release of Ronald Neame’s brilliant film adaptation of Tunes of Glory the year before, scripted by Kennaway, the author’s stock must have been high at the time Household Ghosts came out. It’s sad to report what a dreary time I had with it, then.

The novel opens in medias res at a country dance full of Young Conservatives (so far, so good) at Dow’s Academy, a school somewhere in Perthshire. Gradually you piece together the personnel: there’s Charles Ferguson, known as ‘Pink’; his sister Mary; her farmer husband Stephen; a man apparently pursuing her, David. The feeling is oppressive, and made all the more so by the private language shared by Pink and Mary.

He poured her an enormous whisky, and sliding some sandwiches on to a Dundee cake that looked like a fighter, he put the tumbler on the plate and carried it across to her, speaking once again in their curious code, a language drawn from anecdote and limerick; from family jokes and nursery rhyme; from a lifetime spent together; from a myth they had had to weave for themselves.

I know all about private languages. It comes from having two younger brothers who spent most of their childhoods watching television with me, so that we have now reached the point at which, if required, we would be capable of maintaining a conversation on any subject solely via the medium of ChuckleVision quotations. It’s probably not an exaggeration to say that there are thousands of phrases from hundreds of obscure sources that function as communication devices between the three of us. When I say ‘Made in Newport, Gwent!’ or ‘Cheeseburgers were a penny then’ or ‘Leave from my store!’, firstly they know exactly what I’m on about, and secondly everyone else is automatically shut out. The number of girlfriends or potential girlfriends alienated from my family over the years must be incalculable. Anyway, it meant I could sympathise with the excluded Stephen and David while also understanding the almost too close relationship of Pink and Mary.

As the novel progresses details are filled in: of Pink and Mary’s mother’s impoverished childhood and descent into drink; of their father’s card-cheating shame and alleged queerness; of their own resultant hang-ups. You can see why the two of them have such a close if queasy bond: when all else around you crumbles, at least you’ve got your beloved sibling. It just isn’t much fun to read.

I’ve passed the stage of not liking books because they’ve got unsympathetic protagonists. When I was a teenager that was my problem with Holden Caulfield; then I grew up and found Holden was plenty sympathetic, the problem had been me all along. But I couldn’t shake the grubbiness of this book. I’ve spent the past couple of months working through various BBC Ibsen adaptations currently on iPlayer (which include a brilliant Scottish-set Enemy of the People, by the way), which demonstrate that you can tell any number of stories about dissatisfied, desperate people without the telling being dissatisfying; in fact you can do it and make it exhilarating. Tunes of Glory does this, it really makes you care. Household Ghosts does not.

That’s a shame, because there are passages that show Kennaway’s storytelling skill. If more of the book had been written in the amused, slightly sardonic strain of this passage introducing Pink and Mary’s father, I’d have had a better time.

There is a story told in Edinburgh of an old lawyer who never leaves his house and sleeps for only an hour or so at night, sitting in a chair. And he has lived like this for forty years, during which he has devoted his waking time to preparing a brief for an appeal. He is his own client. When he was only thirty action was taken against him for fraud and it was brought by his colleagues. He has, apparently, inexhaustible energy in the preparation of the case which will exonerate him, but although he never takes more or less sleep, in the winter he grows a little tired and it is said that around the end of February or the beginning of March, he will drink a bottle of bad port and confess with a bitter laugh, to his housekeeper, that he was guilty in the first instance. On the following morning, sober by 4 a.m., he starts work again.

Colonel Sir Henry Ferguson appeared to be a great deal more sane, and slept eight hours every night, but behind the blank stare and the occasional charming smile, there lay hidden a not unsimilar obsession, broken only, from time to time, by the appearance of his daughter, whose spectacular beauty appealed so much to his vanity.

A couple of oddities: some chapters take the form of (unsent?) letters from David to Mary, an authorial decision I didn’t understand. And if I interpreted correctly the reference to a ‘Vibro’ or ‘electrical stimulator’, it must be one of the first appearances of such a device in a British novel. If only it could have roused the story to life.

Kennaway transformed the novel into an apparently successful play, Country Dance, and then into a film, though he didn’t live to see its completion. In fact you could argue the film was the agent of his death: driving back from a meeting with its eventual star Peter O’Toole, he apparently suffered a heart attack and crashed his car. He was 40. I had a look at the film, by the way, so you don’t have to. It’s not good, and the resemblance to Household Ghosts is slight. Most of the novel’s Scottishness (which admittedly hardly feels innate; it might be set anywhere) is excised, apart from the bits that should have been (the accents of Brian Blessed and Judy Cornwell). O’Toole, as you’d expect, is very watchable when he’s restrained, less so at other times. But it doesn’t say a lot for the construction of the novel that you can change which character gets shot and it makes zero difference.

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