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What’s the World Cup made of? – in C&EN

Preview image for an infographic on what the world cup is made of, featuring illustrated images of the Jules Rimet trophy, the current World Cup, and a football.
Click to view the full graphic on the C&EN site

The Men’s football World Cup final is taking place this weekend. While it sadly won’t be coming home, one team will take home the coveted World Cup – or, at least, a copy of it. In the latest edition of Periodic Graphics in C&EN, we take a look at the materials that make up the two separate trophies that have been awarded to the World Cup winners. See the full graphic on the C&EN site.

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The materials science of tennis

An infographic titled "The materials science of tennis" by Compound Interest explaining the chemistry of balls and rackets. Ball cores are vulcanized rubber (natural rubber crosslinked with sulfur) filled with pressurized nitrogen gas. The outer felt is wool and nylon, dyed yellow with a dye such as Basic Yellow 40. Rackets evolved from wood (which warped), to aluminium, then composites (fibreglass, Kevlar), and now carbon fibre with plastic resins. Strings transitioned from cow gut to polyester and nylon.
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If you’ve been enjoying the tennis at Wimbledon over the past two weeks, chemistry probably didn’t cross your mind as you watched the players slogging the ball back and forth. However, a lot of science and honed materials go into both the rackets and balls used during each game, set and match. This graphic examines the key substances used and how they’ve changed over time.

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The chemistry of the 2026 World Cup ball

Infographic titled "The chemistry of the World Cup ball" by Compound Interest. It details the materials used in manufacturing. Polyurethane coating forms the water-resistant outer panels, synthesized from isocyanate and polyol. A nylon lining (polyamide) adds bounce and strength between the cover and bladder. The inner butyl rubber bladder retains air effectively, though latex is an alternative.
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The 2026 World Cup is up and running, but not without its share of controversy. It’s setting a number of unwelcome firsts: the first time a World Cup referee has been barred from a host nation, and the first time a host nation is at war with one of the participating countries. However, some slightly more welcome firsts come in the shape of the materials science behind the World Cup ball, the Trionda.

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