Karaman
Karaman | |
|---|---|
 View from Karaman Castle | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Karaman Location in Turkey  Karaman Karaman (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 37°10′55″N 33°13′05″E / 37.18194°N 33.21806°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Karaman |
| District | Karaman |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Savaş Kalaycı (MHP) |
| Elevation | 1,039 m (3,409 ft) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 175,390 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 70000 |
| Area code | 0338 |
| Website | www |
Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about 100 km (62 mi) south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District.[2] Its population is 175,390 (2022).[1] The town lies at an average elevation of 1,039 m (3,409 ft). The Karaman Museum is one of the major sights.
Etymology
[edit]The town owes its name to Karaman Bey, who was one of the rulers of the Karamanid dynasty. The former name Laranda which in turn comes from the Luwian language Larawanda, literally means "sandy, a sandy place".[3]
History
[edit]
In ancient times, Karaman was known as Lānda in Hittite and Laranda[4] (Greek: τὰ Λάρανδα). Little is known about the early history of Laranda. The city is first mentioned by name in ancient sources through the writings of Diodorus Siculus. According to him, after Perdiccas and King Philip defeated Ariarathes I of Cappadocia, they departed from Cappadocia and set out to punish the cities of Laranda and Isauria. This was in retaliation, because these cities killed Balacrus, a general appointed by Alexander the Great as satrap of the region. As a result, Laranda was destroyed.[5] It later became a seat of Isaurian pirates. At one point, it was under the control of Antipater of Derbe, until he was killed by Amyntas of Galatia, who then took over the territories previously ruled by Antipater.[6] It belonged to the Roman and later Byzantine Empires until it was captured by the Seljuks in the early 12th century. Karaman was occupied by Frederick Barbarossa in 1190[4] and by the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia between 1211 and 1216. In 1256, the town was taken by Karaman Bey and was renamed Karaman in his honour. From 1275, Karaman was the capital of the Karamanid beylik.
In 1468 the Karamanids were conquered by the Ottomans and in 1483 the capital of the province was moved to Konya. Karaman has retained ruins of a Karamanid castle and some walls, two mosques and a Koran school (madrasah) from that age. A mihrab from a mosque from Karaman can now be found in the Çinili Pavilion near the Archeology Museum in Istanbul. The Karamanslis were Cappadocian Turkomans who fought the Ottomans. Later they integrated into the empire.
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Laranda appears in early Christian sources as the seat of a bishop named Neon during the early third century CE. In a letter preserved by Eusebius, the bishops Alexander of Jerusalem and Theoctistus of Caesarea cite Laranda as part of their defense of Origen against criticism from Bishop Demetrius of Alexandria. The dispute concerned Demetrius' claim that it was unprecedented and improper for someone who was not yet ordained as a presbyter to preach publicly. In response, they argue that this practice was not unheard of, pointing to cases in which bishops authorized capable laymen to preach. Among these examples, they mention Euelpis, who preached in Laranda with the approval of Bishop Neon.[7]
The poet Yunus Emre (c. 1238–1320) resided in Karaman during his later years and is believed to lie buried beside the Yunus Emre Mosque. A small adjacent park is adorned with quotations from his verse, many of them graffiti-splattered. In 1222, the Sufi preacher Bahaeddin Veled arrived in town with his family, and the Karamanoğlu emir built a madrasah to accommodate them. Veled's son was the famous Rumi, who married his wife, Gevher Hatun, while his family was living in Karaman. It was here, too, that Rumi's mother died in 1224. She was buried, along with other family members, in the Aktekke Mosque (also known as the Mader-i Mevlana Cami), which Alaeddin Ali Bey had built to replace the original madrasah in 1370.[8]
When Thomas Jefferson fought Libya's Barbary pirates, he replaced one member of the al-Qaramanli dynasty with another as Pasha.
Notable people
[edit]- Nestor of Laranda, an epic poet, the father of the poet Peisander.[9]
- Peisander of Laranda an epic poet, the son of the poet Nestor.[9]
Karamanlis
[edit]The bearers of the Greek name Karamanlis as well as other surnames beginning with "Karaman" are a toponymic surname for the town.
Gallery
[edit]
Karaman Street view
Karaman Nefesi Sultan Medresesi monumental entrance
Karaman Medrese of Nefesi Sultan
Karaman Hac Beyler Mosque Entrance
Karaman Haci Beyler Camisi entrance
Karaman Ibrahim Bey Imareti door
Karaman Ibrahim Bey Mosque
Ibrahim Bey Mihrab in Çinili Köşk
Karaman Castle Mosque and surroundings
Karaman Castle mosque
Karaman Ak Tekke interior
Karaman Castle Exterior
Karaman Castle Interior
Karaman Museum Can Hasan I Pottery
Karaman Museum Iconostasis doors
Karaman Museum Kadın fez süsü
Karaman Museum Cowry shell adorned objects
Climate
[edit]Karaman has a cold semi-arid climate under Köppen climate classification (BSk) and a humid continental climate under the Trewartha climate classification (Dc), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. Karaman is generally very sunny, with almost 3000 hours of sunshine per year.
| Climate data for Karaman (1991–2020, extremes 1951–2023) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
28.7 (83.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.5 (99.5) |
40.4 (104.7) |
41.4 (106.5) |
39.1 (102.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
7.5 (45.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
28.3 (82.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.7 (81.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.7 (44.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.8 (−16.2) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−26.1 (−15.0) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.8 (1.65) |
33.7 (1.33) |
33.6 (1.32) |
32.1 (1.26) |
34.0 (1.34) |
28.0 (1.10) |
6.7 (0.26) |
8.7 (0.34) |
9.2 (0.36) |
25.8 (1.02) |
32.9 (1.30) |
48.8 (1.92) |
335.3 (13.20) |
| Average precipitation days | 10.27 | 8.93 | 9.03 | 7.97 | 8.6 | 5.67 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 2 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 9.77 | 75.68 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74.6 | 70.1 | 60.2 | 54.9 | 52.4 | 47.4 | 41.2 | 42.9 | 47.3 | 57.3 | 67.1 | 73.8 | 57.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 105.4 | 127.1 | 189.1 | 234.0 | 297.6 | 342.0 | 387.5 | 356.5 | 294.0 | 229.4 | 159.0 | 99.2 | 2,820.8 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.4 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 7.8 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 12.5 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 7.7 |
| Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (humidity)[11] | |||||||||||||
Mayors of Karaman
[edit]Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]Karaman is twinned with:
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ↑ İl Belediyesi Archived 2015-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ↑ Bilge Umar. Türkiye'deki Tarihsel Adlar. İnkılap Kitabevi, 1993. ISBN 975-10-0539-6.
- 1 2 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 676.
- ↑ Diodorus Siculus 18.22.1-2
- ↑ Strabo, Geography, §12.6.3
- ↑ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 6.19.18
- ↑ "Today's Zaman".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link), todayszaman.com - 1 2 Suda Encyclopedia, §nu.261
- ↑ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
- ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" (CSV). National centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ↑ "Karaman ve Azerbaycan Şeki Belediyeleri Kardeş Şehir oluyor". Karaman Valiliği. 13 May 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
- ↑ "Karaman İle Beyarmudu Arasında Kardeşlik Protokolü İmzalandı". Karaman Valiliği. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
- ↑ "Karaman ve Kütahya Kardeş Şehir Oldu". Karaman Haber. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
External links
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