23.8 Backport of #55172 - Fix partition pruning of extra columns in set

[Enmk]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fixes partition pruning for extra columns in a set. (ClickHouse#55172 by @amosbird)

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