fix(ipxStatic): strip repeated slashes from image path

[danielroe]

🔗 Linked issue

❓ Type of change

• 📖 Documentation (updates to the documentation or readme)
• 🐞 Bug fix (a non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
• 👌 Enhancement (improving an existing functionality)
• ✨ New feature (a non-breaking change that adds functionality)
• 🧹 Chore (updates to the build process or auxiliary tools and libraries)
• ⚠️ Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

📚 Description

when using ipx in a static deployment, double slashes can lead to 404s on some providers. (this occurs when transforming images on external domains). we can solve by stripping them.

context: https://github.com/danielroe/roe.dev/blob/7704f70db1c756f28f557bd13875a29b11419ef7

[cloudflare-workers-and-pages]

Deploying nuxt-image with    Cloudflare Pages

Latest commit:	356a842
Status:	✅  Deploy successful!
Preview URL:	https://b79ba9d2.nuxt-image.pages.dev
Branch Preview URL:	https://fix-static-slashes.nuxt-image.pages.dev

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[pkg-pr-new]

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npm i https://pkg.pr.new/@nuxt/image@1801

commit: 356a842

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 5.55556% with 17 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 62.64%. Comparing base (5dcaea2) to head (356a842).
⚠️ Report is 297 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/runtime/providers/ipxStatic.ts	0.00%	16 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1801      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   62.91%   62.64%   -0.27%     
==========================================
  Files          81       81              
  Lines        3772     3788      +16     
  Branches      431      431              
==========================================
  Hits         2373     2373              
- Misses       1371     1387      +16     
  Partials       28       28              

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