Zolpidem

Zolpidem
Clinical data
Trade names	Ambien, others
Anarana hafa	Zolpidem tartrate
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a693025
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3;
Dependence; liability	Low to moderate
Routes of; administration	By mouth (tablet), sublingual, oromucosal (spray), rectal
Drug class	Imidazopyridine (Z-drug), nonbenzodiazepine, hypnotic
Physiological data
Receptors	GABAA receptor agonist
Agonists	GABA
Metabolism	Liver through CYP3A4 and CYP1A2
Sata ara-dalàna
Sata ara-dalàna	AU: S4 (Prescription only); BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Schedule IV; DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses); UK: Class C; US: Schedule IV; UN: Psychotropic Schedule IV; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	70% (by mouth)
Protein binding	92%
Metabolism	Liver through CYP3A4 and CYP1A2
Metabolites	(ZCA) zolpidem 6-carboxylic acid; (ZPCA) zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid
Onset of action	1–2 hours
Elimination half-life	2.5–3 hours
Duration of action	3 hours
Excretion	Kidney (56%); fecal (34%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N,N-Dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide hemitartrate ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7045946Erreur de script : le module a renvoyé une valeur de type nil. Il est supposé renvoyer un tableau d’exportations.;
ECHA InfoCard	100.115.604Erreur de script : le module a renvoyé une valeur de type nil. Il est supposé renvoyer un tableau d’exportations.
Angon-drakitra simika sy ara-batana
Raikipohy	C19H21N3O
Molar mass	307397 g·mol−1
Modely 3D (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CN(C)C(=O)Cc1c(nc2ccc(C)cn12)c3ccc(C)cc3 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H21N3O/c1-13-5-8-15(9-6-13)19-16(11-18(23)21(3)4)22-12-14(2)7-10-17(22)20-19/h5-10,12H,11H2,1-4H3 ; Key:ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

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Ny Zolpidem, amidy amin'ny anarana hoe Ambien, ankoatra ny hafa, dia fanafody ampiasaina voalohany indrindra amin'ny fitsaboana fohy ezaka ny olana amin'ny torimaso.^[4]^[5] Manoro hevitra ny torolàlana fa tsy tokony hampiasaina afa-tsy rehefa avy nosedraina ny torohevitra sy ny fanovana fitondran-tena, toy ny fahadiovana amin'ny torimaso.^[6] Mampihena ny fotoana fanombohana hatory eo amin'ny 15 minitra eo ho eo izany ary amin'ny fatra lehibe kokoa dia manampy ny olona hatory ela kokoa.^[3] Atelina izy io ary misy amin'ny endrika takelaka mahazatra, takelaka azo ampidirina amin'ny vava, na tsindrona am-bava.^[4]

Anisan'ny voka-dratsiny mahazatra ny torimaso antoandro, aretin'andoha, maloiloy ary aretim-pivalanana.^[4] Ny voka-dratsiny hafa dia ahitana olana amin'ny fitadidiana, fahitana zavatra tsy misy dikany, ary fanararaotana.^[3] Nihena ny fatra natolotra tamin'ny taona 2013 noho ny tsy fahatomombanan'ny torimaso ny ampitso maraina.^[7] Ankoatra izany, tsy soso-kevitra ny mitondra fiara ny ampitso maraina miaraka amin'ny fatra ambony kokoa na ny fanafody maharitra ela.^[7] Na dia afaka mamadika ny vokatry ny zolpidem aza ny flumazenil, matetika ny fikarakarana ara-pahasalamana no hany soso-kevitra amin'ny overdose.^[8]

Zolpidem dia fanafody tsy benzodiazepine Z izay miasa ho toy ny fanafody mampitony sy mampatory.^[4]^[9] Zolpidem dia agonista mpandray GABA <sub id="mwYg">A</sub> an'ny kilasy imidazopyridine.^[4] Miasa amin'ny alàlan'ny fampitomboana ny fiantraikan'ny GABA ao amin'ny rafi-pitatitra foibe izy amin'ny alàlan'ny fifamatorana amin'ny mpandray GABA _A eo amin'ny toerana mitovy amin'ny benzodiazepines.^[4] Amin'ny ankapobeny dia roa ka hatramin'ny telo ora ny antsasaky ny androm-piainany.^[4] Mitombo anefa izany amin'ireo manana olana amin'ny aty.^[4]

Nekena ho ampiasaina ara-pitsaboana tany Etazonia tamin'ny 1992 ny Zolpidem.^[4] Nanjary azo ampiasaina ho fanafody tsy misy fangarony izy io tamin'ny taona 2007. Any Etazonia, eo amin'ny US$8 eo ho eo ny vidin'ny fanafody famoahana eo no ho eo ary US$66 ho an'ny fanafody famoahana voafehy, hatramin'ny taona 2017.^[3] Zolpidem dia akora voafehy ao amin'ny Fizarana IV araka ny Lalàna momba ny Akora Voafehy tamin'ny 1970 (CSA).^[3] Maherin'ny folo tapitrisa ny fanafody omena isan-taona any Etazonia, ka mahatonga azy io ho iray amin'ireo fitsaboana ampiasaina matetika indrindra amin'ny olana amin'ny torimaso.^[10]^[11] Tamin'ny taona 2017, io no fanafody faha-50 be mpampiasa indrindra any Etazonia, miaraka amin'ny fanafody mihoatra ny 15. fanafody an-tapitrisany.^[12]^[13]

References

↑ "International brands for zolpidem". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
↑ (2016) Clinical Handbook of Insomnia. Springer.
1 2 3 4 5 "Insomnia: Pharmacologic Therapy". American Family Physician 96 (1): 29–35. July 2017. PMID 28671376. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0701/p29.html. Retrieved 2018-08-18. Matheson E, Hainer BL (July 2017).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Zolpidem Tartrate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018."Zolpidem Tartrate".
↑ "Stilnoct 10mg Film-Coated Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)" (in Anglisy). UK Electronic Medicines Compendium. 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
↑ "Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia". NICE. 28 April 2004. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
1 2 "Drug Safety and Availability - FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA approves new label changes and dosing for zolpidem products and a recommendation to avoid driving the day after using Ambien CR". www.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2018-04-06. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
↑ "The clinical and forensic toxicology of Z-drugs". Journal of Medical Toxicology 9 (2): 155–62. June 2013. doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0292-0. PMC 3657020. PMID 23404347. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3657020.
↑ Gunja, N (June 2013). "The clinical and forensic toxicology of Z-drugs". Journal of Medical Toxicology 9 (2): 155–62. doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0292-0. PMC 3657020. PMID 23404347. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3657020.
↑ "Zolpidem". LiverTox. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
↑ "Some Sleep Drugs Can Impair Driving". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 13 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc—. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
↑ "Zolpidem Tartrate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[genericnames-1] "International brands for zolpidem". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.

[2] (2016) Clinical Handbook of Insomnia. Springer.

[AFP2017-3] 1 2 3 4 5 "Insomnia: Pharmacologic Therapy". American Family Physician 96 (1): 29–35. July 2017. PMID 28671376. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0701/p29.html. Retrieved 2018-08-18. Matheson E, Hainer BL (July 2017).

[AHFS2018-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Zolpidem Tartrate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018."Zolpidem Tartrate".

[UKlabel-5] "Stilnoct 10mg Film-Coated Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)" (in Anglisy). UK Electronic Medicines Compendium. 21 May 2018. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.

[NICE2014-6] "Guidance on the use of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone for the short-term management of insomnia". NICE. 28 April 2004. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.

[FDA2013-7] 1 2 "Drug Safety and Availability - FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA approves new label changes and dosing for zolpidem products and a recommendation to avoid driving the day after using Ambien CR". www.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2018-04-06. Retrieved 2018-03-15.

[Forensic2013-8] "The clinical and forensic toxicology of Z-drugs". Journal of Medical Toxicology 9 (2): 155–62. June 2013. doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0292-0. PMC 3657020. PMID 23404347. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3657020.

[Z2013-9] Gunja, N (June 2013). "The clinical and forensic toxicology of Z-drugs". Journal of Medical Toxicology 9 (2): 155–62. doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0292-0. PMC 3657020. PMID 23404347. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3657020.

[10] "Zolpidem". LiverTox. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.

[11] "Some Sleep Drugs Can Impair Driving". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 13 June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2018.

[ref-12] "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc—. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[ref1-13] "Zolpidem Tartrate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

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